广州公园耐湿植物及其造景分析

陈思月++冯志坚++翁殊斐

摘 要 选取广州市有自然驳岸的城市公园进行调研，归纳整理公园耐湿植物种类，分析不同水景中的耐湿植物配置现状，并探讨滨水空间的生态建设。结果显示：调查区域内共记录耐湿植物146种（包括变种、变型和品种），隶属66科107属，其中乔木类有65种、灌木类46种和草本类35种。按照岸线的曲折与否及其形态，把配置模式分为带状式水景、溪流式水景、绿岛式水景和建筑小品旁水景4种类型，分析其配置特点。建议广州公园滨水植物景观应注重生态与美学相结合，注重养护管理方法，达到可持续利用。

关键词 耐湿植物 ；滨水植物景观 ；植物配置 ；生态建设 ；广州公园

中图分类号 TU986 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.04.023

Landscaping of Damp-tolerant Plants in Guangzhou Parks

CHEN Siyue FENG Zhijian WENG Shufei

（College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture， South China Agricultural University，

Guangzhou， Guangdong 510642）

Abstract The urban parks with natural embankment in Guangzhou， Guangdong Province were selected for investigation. The species and their arrangement of damp-tolerant plants in the urban parks were analyzed to provide reference for construction of waterfront ecological space. The result indicated that a total of 146 vascular plants from 66 families and 107 genera were recorded， 65 of which were trees， 46 of which were shrubs and the left of which were herbs. The waterscapes were arranged in accordance with the embankment shape and divided into four types： strip like waterscape， stream like waterscape， green island like waterscape， and waterscape with architectural ornaments. The characteristics of the waterscapes were analyzed. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to integration of both ecological and aesthetic effects when the landscape of waterfront plants was established. Management in the landscape should also be emphasized to achieve sustainable use.

Keywords damp-tolerant plants ； waterfront plants landscape ； plant configuration ； ecological construction ； parks in Guangzhou

耐濕植物是滨水空间生态建设的基础材料。广州横跨北回归线，属亚热带气候，全年水热同期，雨量充沛，夏季多暴雨。在改善城市生态环境的同时，也为市民提供休憩场所，全国兴建了不少湿地公园，故而人工湿地面积不断增加[1-2]。为控制雨洪问题，雨水花园的建设是低影响开发体系中重要的措施之一[3]，越发受到重视。故了解并合理运用具有耐湿能力的植物就成为了一大重点。本研究的对象“耐湿植物”是指自然驳岸的岸线两侧2 m范围内生长的园林植物，但不包括水生植物（水葱、千屈菜、再力花、梭鱼草等）。这类植物能忍耐短时期的水涝环境。

在对耐湿植物的研究方面，前人研究多数集中在具体对某几种植物进行其耐湿能力的试验[4-5]。或者是对滨水植物种类调查及景观评价等方面，涵盖水生、湿生、中生等滨水植物[6-7]。……