毛晶晶+汪光胜



摘 要:为了解江淮分水岭区域的水土流失情况及其影响因素,该文基于GIS平台,使用RUSLE模型,对2015年江淮分水岭区域土壤侵蚀现状进行了研究。结果表明:(1)2015江淮分水岭区域平均侵蚀模数为84.53t/(km2·a)。土壤侵蚀以微度和轻度侵蚀为主,微度侵蚀的面积占比达97.81%,微度侵蚀总量达259.83×104t·a-1(74.35%),轻度侵蚀总量为56.89×104t·a-1(16.27%);土地利用类型中,耕地侵蚀量和侵蚀模数最高,耕地侵蚀量达314.26×104t·a-1(89.92%)。(2)侵蚀等级呈现东部、西南部高,中部、北部和西部区域较低,轻度以上的侵蚀主要发生在西南山区、巢湖东南部、滁州市中部、北部、东部区域;(3)土壤侵蚀受地形起伏、坡度、降水量和植被覆盖条件的影响明显。研究结果可为江淮分水岭区域水土流失的治理提供科学依据。
关键词:土壤侵蚀;RUSLE;江淮分水岭
中图分类号 S157 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2017)09-0067-05
Abstract:In order to study the soil erosion and its influencing factors in Jianghuai watershed area,based on GIS platform,the soil erosion status in the Jianghuai watershed area in 2015 is studied with the USLE model. The results show that:(1)The average erosion modulus in the Watershed watershed is 84.53 t/(km2·a),dominated by mired and slight erosion,the area occupied by mired is 97.81%,and the total erosion of mired is 259.83×104t·a-1(74.35%). The total amount of slight erosion is 56.89×104t·a-1(16.27%). In the land use type,Erosion quantity and erosion modulus of cultivated land is the highest,and the amount of cultivated land was 314.26×104t·a-1(89.92%). (2)The erosion grade is high in the east and southwest,low in the middle,north and west,and slightly more in the southwest mountainous area,southeast of Chaohu,the middle of the Chuzhou,north and east of Jianghuai watershed area. (3)Soil erosion is influenced by topography,slope,precipitation and vegetation cover condition. The results can provide s cientific basis for soil erosion control in the Jianghuai watershed area.
Key words:Soil erosion;RUSLE;Jianghuai watershed area
土壤侵蝕作为一个严重的环境问题,在全球范围内得到了广泛关注,其对土壤生态环境、人类生存和社会发展产生了深远的影响[1]。水土流失是我国的主要环境问题之一,成为我国经济社会可持续发展的重要阻碍[2]。目前,我国在土壤侵蚀方面的研究多采用通用土壤流失方程(USLE模型)及其修正的RUSLE模型[3-4],也有学者对其进行了进一步的区域改良[5],部分学者对USLE模型中的因子进行了研究[6-7]。RUSLE模型是在USLE模型的基础上进行了因子含义与算法的修改,其应用的适用性更广[8]。
江淮分水岭区域由于其地形、地貌、地质、土壤和气候因素,加上人类活动的影响,其生态环境十分脆弱,干旱灾害频发[9],但江淮分水岭区域降水较丰富,其主要问题在于水土流失严重,土壤蓄水能力差。……