基于两类粮食储备意义及性质分析提升直属库经济效益的市场运作方式

2017-05-30 12:16:38李鹏程
安徽农业科学 2017年35期

李鹏程

摘要一定量的国家粮食储备对保障一国粮食安全十分必要,但随着储备粮管理费用、轮换差价的持续上升,原来直属库按计划购进、售出储备粮的管理方式难以为继,运用多种手段参与市场经营成为未来可能的办法。从归纳专项储备与商业储备两类粮食储备的意义、性质入手,分析市场经营客观对象的具体特征,并在此基础上推导出可能的直属库参与市场经营的具体方式,为各直属库进一步运用市场机制管好储备粮提供参考。

关键词储备粮;直属库;市场经营

中图分类号S-9文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2017)35-0243-02

AbstractA certain amount of national grain reserves is necessary to ensure food security in a country,however, with the management of grain reserves, the price of the rotation has continued to rise,the management of the purchase and sale of grain reserves under the scheme directly under the warehouse was difficult to follow,the use of various means to participate in market management as a possible way in the future.This paper starts with the significance and nature of the two types of grain reserves, which are special reserve and commercial reserve,analysizing the specific characteristics of the objective object of market operation,and on this basis, the specific way of directly participating in market operation is deduced.It provides reference for all Subordinate Library to use the market mechanism further Managing grain reserves well.

Key wordsGrain reserves;Subordinate library;Market management

政府掌握一定量的粮食储备以应对由自然灾害、战争等原因带来的粮食减产及平抑日常粮价异常波动,保障所有的人在任何时候既能买得到、又能买得起他们所需要的食品是维持社会稳定的基本前提。我国建立了一套中央、省、市、区4级粮食储备体系,各级政府委托当地国有企业储备粮管理公司负责,储备粮主要存放在企业下辖的直属库中。作为储备任务直接执行单位的直属库采用保持储备粮数量、形态和储存地点均相对稳定的存储方式,每年依计划按时购买、按时定量轮出,以“静态轮换”的方式切实确保储备粮的足质足量。然而在粮食市场总供给大于总需求的这一新形势下,收购时以高于市价的托市价格进行收购,而轮出的陈粮又要与超出需要的大量稻谷竞争,直属库陷入了买粮贵卖粮难的不利局面,东部沿海一些地区直属库2016年新旧粮“静态轮换”差价约高达800元/t,给政府带来极其沉重的财政负担。……

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