贵州西江苗寨聚落改造中传统特色与景观空间协调性研究

周颖悟 李奕佳 方赞山 杨泽秀 吴智彪

摘 要 苗寨景观具有独特丰富的地域文化特征，是苗族人生活的缩影和民族历史的载体。随着社会经济的不断发展，贵州苗寨传统景观逐渐被现代景观侵蚀，部分苗寨已经丧失传统特色。以贵州省黔东南州西江苗族村寨景观为研究对象，调查分析苗寨传统景观与城镇现代景观的冲突与矛盾，探讨苗族村寨传统景观和未来城市景观协调发展的方法和途径。研究认为，在对少数民族传统村寨区域进行城市化改造时，需考虑到空间结构的融合、景观肌理的协调和原有文化的传承等方面的问题。

关键词 传统景观；现代景观；村寨聚落；文化保护

中图分类号 TU98 文献标识码 A

Abstract Miao village is a unique landscape with regional cultural characteristics. It is a microcosm of Hmong's life as well as a carrier of national historical. Along with the continuous development of social economy， traditional landscape of Miao villages in Guizhou has gradually been corroded by modern landscape. Most Miao villages have lost their traditional characteristics. On the basis of field investigation for Xijiang Miao village in Qiandongnan prefecture， Guizhou Province， the conflicts between traditional landscape of Miao village and modern city landscape was analyzed. Furthermore， the strategies for coordinated development in the future between traditional landscape of Miao village and city landscape were discussed. This paper contends that the integration of spatial structure， coordination of landscape texture and original cultural heritage must be considered with urbanization transformation of the minority traditional village.

Key words traditional landscape； modern landscape； rural settlement； cultural preservation

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2017.03.030

中國少数民族地区地域广阔，资源丰富，大多聚居于边远山区、高原或沙漠地带[1]。地区交通不便，人们生活水平普遍偏低，其经济的孤岛型发展是导致其原始景观得以保存的重要原因[2]。随着旅游经济的快速发展，民族地区开展乡土文化景观的修复与改造，以帮助农村和边远贫困地区发展旅游业、发展经济，最终脱贫致富[3-4]。在开发过程中，建设不尊重历史风貌与聚落秩序，部分处在无章可循的改造和建设中，新建和扩建项目求新、求异，缺乏文化内涵和本土特色，造成地域特征逐渐淡化，聚落整体景观受到极大的影响。

20世纪80年代西方学者针对乡村聚落景观的价值进行研究和探讨，并把生态功能、空间优势、文化传统、经济价值作为重点。……