有机负荷对鸡粪厌氧发酵产气特性及其动力学的影响

2017-05-30 15:26:24傅国志马宗虎廖子文
安徽农业科学 2017年27期

傅国志 马宗虎 廖子文

摘要[目的]研究有机负荷对鸡粪厌氧发酵过程中产气特性及其产气动力学的影响。[方法]在中温条件(37±1) ℃下采用半连续搅拌反应器(CSTR)进行研究。[结果]有机负荷为2.5~5.3 gVS/(L·d)时,厌氧消化系统中氨氮浓度低于6.7 g/L,沼气最大容积产气率为2.58 L/L;同时有机酸浓度也处于较低范围。然而,当有机负荷提高到6.0 gVS/(L·d)时,氨氮浓度升高到6.7 g/L时引起了乙酸 (>7 000 mg/L)和丙酸 (>1 900 mg/L)的快速累积,沼气容积产气率也降低了23.5%。通过基质平衡动力学分析得出,鸡粪中温厌氧消化的基质转化为沼气(YS/G)和甲烷(YS/M)的比例系数分别为1.085 7和1.686 1 gVSremoved/L。[结论]该研究可为高氨氮浓度鸡粪沼气工程的稳定运行提供科学依据。

关键词 鸡粪;厌氧发酵;有机负荷;动力学

中图分类号 S216.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)27-0080-04

Abstract [Objective]To investigate the effects of organic loading rates (OLRs) on the performance and kinetics of mesophilic anaerobic digestion of chicken manure.[Method]The experiments were carried in a laboratoryscale semicontinuously stirred tank reactor under midtemperature condition (37±1) ℃.[Result]The results indicated that as the OLRs located in the range of 2.5-5.3 gVS/(L·d),the ammonia concentration and volume biogas production rate (VBPR) was less than 6.7 g/L and 2.58 L/L,respectively.In addition,no significant volatile fatty acids accumulation was observed during this period.However,as the OLRs raised to 6.0 gVS/(L·d),the ammonia concentration climbed to 6.7 g/L,which caused the VBPR decreased by 23.5%.The high concentration of ammonia also contributed to the sharply accumulation of acetate (>7 000 mg/L) and propionate (>1 900 mg/L).According to the substrate balance model,the conversion coefficient of substrate into biogas (YS/G) and methane (YS/M) was 1.085 7 gVSremoved/L biogas and 1.686 1 gVSremoved/L CH4,respectively.[Conclusion] This study can provide scientific basis for stable operation of chicken manure biogas project with high concentration of ammonia nitrogen.

Key words Chicken manure;Anaerobic digestion;Organic loading rate;Kinetics

随着我国畜牧业集约化和规模化的迅速发展,畜禽粪便产生量巨大。据报道,2016年我国蛋鸡存栏约14.5亿只/a,肉鸡年出栏约90亿只/a,鸡粪年产量约1.4亿t/a[1]。鸡粪养分含量高,且有易生化降解的特性;养殖场产生的粪污若得不到及时有效的无害化处理,不仅会对牧场周边的水体、土壤造成污染,同时其堆放过程中产生的恶臭气体也会对周边的生态环境造成影响,进一步影响人类身体健康。为了减少其对环境的影响,将粪便进行资源化处理的沼气厌氧发酵技术得到了广泛的应用[2]。

由于鸡粪中蛋白质含量高,使得鸡粪的碳氮比(C/N=8~10)明显低于厌氧消化过程中微生物所需要的正常值(20~30)[3]。低的C/N会导致厌氧消化系统出现氨氮抑制的风险。在厌氧消……

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