迟家家 陈鹏 刘俊展 刘永杰
摘要:
为选择防治豆蚜的高效药剂,在室内条件下采用浸渍法测定了11 种常用杀虫剂对豆蚜的毒力大小。结果表明,24 h后对豆蚜活性较高的药剂为新烟碱类和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂,其中吡虫啉对豆蚜的毒力最高,致死中浓度(LC50)值为0.247 mg/L;其次为高效氯氰菊酯、阿维菌素和毒死蜱,LC50值分别为0.262、0.381、0.386 mg/L;吡蚜酮毒力最低,LC50值为35.710 mg/L。
关键词:豆蚜;杀虫剂;毒力;致死中浓度;浸渍法
中图分类号:S482.3文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2017)05-0105-03
Indoor Toxicity Test of Several Insecticides
against Aphis craccivora Koch
Chi Jiajia1,Chen Peng1, Liu Junzhan2, Liu Yongjie1
(1. College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
2. Binzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Binzhou 256601, China)
AbstractIn order to screen the efficient insecticides for controlling Aphis craccivora Koch, the toxicities of eleven insecticides against A. craccivora were measured by dipping method. The results showed that neonicotinoid insecticides and pyrethoid insecticides had the best activity to A. craccivora after 24 hours. Imidacloprid had the highest toxicity and its LC50 value was 0.247 mg/L. The next were beta-cypermethrin, abamectin and chloprpyrifos and their LC50 values were 0.262, 0.381,0.386 mg/L, respectively. Pymetrozine had the lowest toxicity with the LC50value of 35.710 mg/L.
KeywordsAphis craccivora Koch; Insecticides; Toxicity; Median lethal concentration (LC50); Dipping method
豆蚜(Aphis craccivora Koch)属同翅目,蚜科,别名苜蓿蚜、花生蚜、槐蚜,主要为害大豆、菜豆、豇豆、豌豆、蚕豆等豆科作物,分布世界各地近100个国家[1]。豆蚜不仅吸取植物汁液,分泌蜜露,影响光合作用,还传播40余种植物病毒病,严重影响豆科作物质量和产量[2]。由于豆蚜繁殖力很强,生命周期短,适宜条件下4~6 d 可完成 1 代,每头无翅胎生雌蚜可产若蚜 100多头,因此极易造成严重危害[3]。
目前对豆蚜的防治仍以化学防治为主,但长期使用化学农药必然带来抗药性的产生以及对环境的不利影响。因此,寻找高效、低毒、低残留的药剂防治豆蚜十分必要,对农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究选择了生产中常用的11种杀虫剂,通过室内毒力测定,比较不同药剂对豆蚜的毒力大小,为药剂科学合理的选择使用提供依据。
1材料与方法
1.1供试虫源
豆蚜于2015年6月采自泰安市山东农业大学植物保护试验站芸豆上,在人工气候箱内用蚕豆苗饲养,光周期L∶D=14 h∶10 h,温度为(25±2)℃,相对湿度为48%~52%。
1.2供试药剂……p>