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摘要 甘薯茎线虫是甘薯生产上一种毁灭性虫害,可造成甘薯大幅度减产和烂窖,为保障甘薯生产,筛选安全、高效药剂,选用阿维菌素B2、阿维菌素、厚孢轮枝菌、淡紫拟青霉进行试验研究。结果表明,5%阿维菌素B2水分散粒剂12 kg/hm2防治效果达到88.52%,0.5%阿维菌素颗粒剂45 kg/hm2防治效果达到79.74%,孢子2.5亿个/g厚孢轮枝菌30 kg/hm2达70.94%,活孢子5亿个/g淡紫拟青霉颗粒剂45 kg/hm2防治效果达67.56%,同时阿维菌素B2处理增产效果达41.40%,显示了阿维菌素B2是防治甘薯茎线虫的理想药剂,具有很好的推广、应用前景;阿维菌素处理增产效果均达34.67%,亦可用于大田防治。
关键词 甘薯茎线虫;杀虫剂;防治效果
中图分类号 S435.31 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2017)09-0125-02
Abstract Sweet potato stem nematode is a kind of destructive pests in sweet potato production,which can cause a significant reduction in sweet potato and rotten cellar.Abamectin B2,abamectin,verticillium chrysosporium,and paecilomyces lilacinus were used as experimental materials,to protect sweet potato production,screening safe and efficient pharmaceutical.The results showed that the control effects of 5% abamectin B2 WG 12 kg/hm2,0.5% abamectin GR 45 kg/hm2,2.5×108/g verticillium dahliae 30 kg/hm2,5×108/g paecilomyces lilacini GR 45 kg/hm2 were 88.52%,79.74%,70.94% and 67.56%,and the yeild-increasing effect of abamectin B2 increased by 41.40%.It showed that abamectin B2 was the ideal agent for controlling the stem nematode of sweet potato,and had a good popularization and application prospect.Abamectin′s,yield-increasing effect is up to 34.67%,which can also be used for field control.
Key words sweet potato stem nematodes;pesticide;control effect
甘薯莖线虫病是甘薯生产上的一种毁灭性病害。其病原为马铃薯腐烂茎线虫(Ditylenchus destructor)[1],该线虫在甘薯整个生育期均能寄生危害,不仅造成大幅度减产,还能引起储藏期烂窖[2]。甘薯一旦受到侵染,轻者减产10%~30%,重病田减产50%~80%,甚至绝收[3-6]。
目前对甘薯茎线虫的防治仍以化学药剂为主,但由于线虫繁殖力及环境适应性很强,对其高活性的药剂品种很少。之前广泛应用的涕灭威、克百威等防效较好的化学制剂多是高毒、高残留农药,因存在污染环境及安全问题已经或即将面临淘汰,如涕灭威对地下水存在威胁[7-8],同时高毒化学制剂的使用,与农产品的无公害生产相悖,所以寻找安全环保的生物制剂替代传统化学制剂迫在眉睫。
为筛选防治甘薯茎线虫……