社会经济地位、收入差距与健康水平

2017-07-08 08:29:37申云朱玉芳
软科学 2017年7期

申云 朱玉芳

摘要:基于中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),检验了社会经济地位和基尼系数对个人健康水平的影响。结果表明:社会经济地位的提高,有利于提升个人的健康水平,而收入差距的扩大则会造成个人自评健康水平的下降。基尼系数每扩大1个标准差,其对个人自评健康水平负面影响的概率将提高168%。社会地位的提升有利于减缓收入差距扩大对个人健康状况的不利影响。采用国际社会经济地位指数进行稳健性检验也表明,社会经济地位指数对个人健康状况的影响在2010~2012年间呈逐年依次显著下降的趋势。从城乡对比来看,农村地区农民社会经济地位的上升能够更好地提升个人的自评健康水平,而且对收入差距扩大造成的负面影响所起到的缓冲作用也更大。

关键词:社会经济地位;健康水平;职业;收入差距

DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2017.07.26

中图分类号:F0626 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8409(2017)07-0121-05

Social Economic Statue, Income Gap and Health Level

——An Empirical Study Based on CFPS

SHEN Yun1 ,ZHU Yufang2

(1. Chinese Western Economic Research Center, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130;

2. Deyang Housing and Urban Rural Planning and Construction Bureau, Deyang 618000)

Abstract: This article based on the survey data of China Family Panel Studies(CFPS), testes the effects of socioeconomic status and the Gini coefficient for personal health. The results show that: improve the socioeconomic status, will help improve the health of individuals; and widening income gap will cause a decline in the level of personal health, the Gini coefficient per expand a standard deviation, the individual level of negative selfrated health probability influence will decline 168%. Enhance the social status will help slow down the widening income gap to the adverse effects on personal health. Adoption of international socioeconomic index robustness tests also show that the impact of socioeconomic status index for personal health status followed by a significant downward trend between the year 2010 and 2012 . From the point of view of urban and rural contrast, farmers in rural areas increased by socioeconomic status, are better able to enhance their level of selfrated health, and the negative effect to buffer the impact of income disparities is greater.

Key words:socioeconomic status; health level; occupation; income gap

1引言与相关文献回顾

改革开放以来,中国经济发生了巨大的变化,但人们的收入差距也从上世纪90年代以来开始持续扩大。收入差距的扩大,也直接或间接导致了一系列的社会经济问题,甚至影响人们的健康状况。社会经济地位对个人健康的影响在不同年龄结构群体中可能隨着年龄的差异而出现分化,在年龄的临界点之前,社会经济地位对个人健康的影响表现出发散效应,而超过该临界年龄后将表现逐步收敛的现象[1]。但该结论也得到了一些学者的批评,由于不同时期不同地区具有不同的人口以及社会环境,因此会存在不同的健康影响程度和影响模式[2]。……

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