小麦品种（系）不同穗部位种子活力比较研究

钱可 时红云 张文明 郑文寅 姚大年

摘要[目的]确定小麦种子活力测定的较好方法，探讨小麦品种不同穗部位种子活力的差异。 [方法]选用皖麦33、皖麦48、烟农19、扬麦158和W1032（糯小麦）5个小麦品种（系）种子为材料，设置上部穗位、中部穗位、下部穗位和整穗（CK）4种处理，通过种子大小测定、幼苗生长测定、加速老化试验、冷浸试验、电导率测定、模拟田间出苗率测定以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、脂肪氧化酶（LOX）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和脱氢酶（ADH）5种酶活性测定等方法，综合评价种子活力，并进行整穗（CK）种子的主要活力指标间相关分析以及对5个小麦品种（系）不同穗部位种子主要活力指标平均值的比较。[结果]幼苗生长测定、加速老化试验以及5种酶活性等指标均与模拟田间出苗率呈显著相关；小麦品种（系）不同穗部位种子活力存在明显差异。[结论]幼苗生长测定、加速老化试验以及5种酶活性测定均是小麦种子活力测定的较好方法；小麦中部穗位种子活力较高，下部穗位种子活力次之，上部穗位种子活力较低。

关键词小麦；穗部位；种子活力；酶活性

中图分类号S512.1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2017）19-0034-04

Comparison on Seed Vigor of Different Ear Position Seeds in Wheat Varieties（Lines）

QIAN Ke1， SHI Hongyun2， ZHANG Wenming1* et al

（1.Agricultural School， Anhui Agricultural University， Hefei ， Anhui 230036； 2. Comprehensive Agricultural Service Station of Zhonghan Town in Chaohu City ，Chaohu ， Anhui 238074）

Abstract[Objective]The better methods for the determination of seed vigor were selected in wheat. The seed vigor of different ear parts were explored in different wheat varieties. [Method] In this study， 5 wheat varieties or lines seeds of Wanmai33， Wanmai48， Yannong19， Yangmai158 and W1032（waxy wheat） were selected as the materials， all wheat varieties were set to four different treatments， including the upper ear position， middle & lower ear position and the whole ear position （CK）. The seed vigor were comprehensively evaluated through such methods including the test of seed size， seedling growth， accelerated aging， cold soak， conductivity and simulated field germination rate determination， and also through the determination of SOD， POD， LOX，CAT and ADH activity， et al， and made correlation analysis among the main vigor indicators of the whole ear position （CK） as well as the comparison of average value of the seed vigor indexes in different ear parts of five wheat varieties.[Result]The determination of seedling growth and accelerated aging test， as well as five kinds of enzyme activity indexes was significantly correlated with simulation field emergence. Seed vitality of different part spike wheat varieties existed obvious difference.[Conclusion] The test of the seedling growth， accelerated aging and the determination of five kinds of enzyme above were all better test methods for wheat vigor testing.The middle ear of wheat seed vigor was higher， the next was lower ear seeds vigor， upper ear seeds vigor was lower.

Key wordsWheat；Ear position；Seed vigor；Enzyme activity

許多籽实型作物都存在着粒位效应。小麦着生部位会影响小麦结实粒数、粒重和籽粒品质[1]。小麦不同粒位的粒重变化趋势普遍是穗轴中部小穗粒重较高，而穗轴两端的粒重相对较低[2]。P32后期示踪研究结果表明，同化产物在穗的上、中、下部分配规律与实际粒重规律相同[3]。根据全息生物学理论[4]可以得知，小麦不同粒位的籽粒活性基因组合存在差异，这就直接导致小麦不同粒位籽粒的遗传势不同，基因组合活性高的粒位，籽粒性状较为优越。……