杉木纯林与混交林林下植物多样性比较

黄冬梅

摘要 [目的]比较杉木纯林与混交林林下植物多样性，为评估人工林生态系统提供理论依据。[方法]选用典型的标准样地对不同类型杉木林下植被多样性进行调查。[结果]杉木木荷混交林林下植被有64种，多样性指数为2.27，远大于杉木纯林；混交林林下植被丰富且数量均衡，更有利于保持水土和有机物分解。[结论]营造针阔混交林比杉木纯林更有利于杉木人工林的可持续发展。

关键词 杉木人工林；林下植被；植物多样性

中图分类号 S718.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）01-0013-04

Comparison of Undergrowth Plant Diversity of Pure and Mixed Chinese Fir Plantations

HUANG Dongmei

（Forest Resource Management Station of Youxi County， Youxi， Fujian 365100）

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to compare the diversity of undergrowth plants in pure and mixed Chinese fir plantations. [Method] Undergrowth plant diversity of pure and mixed Chinese fir plantations were investigated by typical standard sample. [Result] There were 64 species of understory vegetation under mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba， and the diversity index was 2.27， which was much higher than that of Cunninghamia lanceolata pure forest. The understory vegetation in mixed forest was rich and the number balanced， more conducive to maintaining the decomposition of soil and water and organic matter. [Conclusion]The establishment of coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest is more conducive to the sustainable development of Chinese fir plantation than pure Chinese fir.

Key words Chinese fir plantation； Forest vegetation； Plant diversity

隨着工业的急速发展，人类对木材需求量急剧增大，导致全球天然森林面积迅速减少，世界主要用材林逐渐由天然林转向人工林[1]。杉木具有速生、丰产、优质等特点，成为我国南方主要造林树种。随着杉木人工纯林面积的不断扩大，出现地力衰退、植被单一、水土流失等生态问题[2-3]。林下植被是指林下灌木层植物和草本层植物，是组成林分生态系统重要的一部分[4]。林下植被能够维护和改善林分结构、促进生态系统养分的循环和有效利用，在改善土壤物理化学性质特征、提高林分涵养水源能力等方面具有独特的功能和作用[5]。人工林林下植物多样性是评估人工林生态系统的一个重要指标，可为人工林优化林分结构、健全经营管理、提高和改善植物物种多样性指数提供参考依据[6]。鉴于此，笔者比较了杉木纯林与混交林林下植物多样性，以期为评估人工林生态系统提供参考。……