海南地不容中总生物碱的提取及含量测定

程莎+莫国平+戴华+白丽丽

摘 要 采用正交試验法优选海南地不容的提取工艺并进行含量测定。以提取的总生物碱为考察指标，醇的体积分数、提取功率、提取时间、次数、料液比分别为考察因素，设计正交试验确定超声提取总生物碱的最优工艺。以盐酸小檗碱为对照品，利用分光光度法在418 nm处测定海南地不容中总生物碱的含量。最佳工艺为醇体积分数80%、超声提取30 min、功率160 W、料液体积比1∶20、提取2次。小檗碱在0.0～18.0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好（r=0.999 4）。平均回收率为99.03%，RSD=2.38%（n=6）。总生物碱含量可达到4.67%。确定的提取工艺简单，用时少，提取率高。建立的测量方法简单、灵敏度高、重现性好，适用于海南地不容中总生物碱的含量测定。

关键词 海南地不容 ；总生物碱 ；提取 ；含量 ；正交试验

中图分类号 S567.236 ；R284 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.06.017

Extraction and Determination of Total Alkaloids from

Stephania hainanensis

CHENG Sha1） MO Guoping1） DAI Hua2） BAI Lili1）

（1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences， Hainan Medical University， Haikou， Hainan 571199；

2 School of Public Health， Hainan Medical University， Haikou， Hainan 571199）

Abstract An orthogonal experiment was designed to screen an optimum method for extraction of total alkaloids from Stephania hainanensis. The total alkaloids extracted was used as an index， and ethanol volume fraction， extraction time， altrasonic power， extraction frequency were used as factors to design the orthogonal experiment to optimize the altrasonic extraction of the total alkaloids from S. hainanensis. The content of total alkaloids extracted was determined by using spectrophotometry at 418 nm with berberine hydrochloride as a reference substance. The extraction was identified optimum when the volume fraction of ethanol was 80%， the extraction time was 30 min， the altrasonic power was 160 W， the solid-liquid ratio was 1：20， and the extraction frequency was 2 times. Berberine hydrochloride had a good linear relationship （r=0.999 4） at the range of 0～18.0 μg/mL. The average recovery was 99.03% （RSD=2.38%）. The content of total alkaloids extracted was 4.67%. This extraction technology was proved to be simple， time saving and higher in extraction rate. The determination method for total alkaloids was easy， highly sensitive and good in repeatability， and can be used for determination of the content of total alkaloids from S. hainanensis.

Keywords Stephania hainanensis ； total alkaloids ； extraction ； determination ； Orthogonal experiment

地不容（Stephania Hainanensis Lo et Y Tsoong）又名金不换、山乌龟、金钱吊，是防己科千金藤属草质藤本，属海南特有植物。生于海南岛大山石缝、峭壁、乱石堆的半阴处或溪边丛林中[1]。地不容作为海南黎族的传统医药，味苦而辛，性凉，有小毒，具有清热解毒、镇静、理气、止痛等功效[2]。国内外对该属植物化学成分和药理活性的研究较多[3-6]，但有关海南地不容总生物碱的提取以及含量测定却鲜有报道。据文献报道，海南地不容中主要含有吗啡型生物碱、阿扑啡型生物碱、原小檗碱型生物碱和异喹啉型生物碱等[3，7]。生物碱由于其抑菌[8]、消炎、镇痛、抗肿瘤[9]及促进免疫功能等生物活性，成为近年来研究的热点之一。有关生物碱的提取方法有多种[10]，利用超声技术可以缩短提取时间、提高提取率，并且无需加热，提高了热敏性生物碱的提取率，且对其生理活性基本无影响。……