中药丸剂剂型理论与应用现状关键问题分析

2017-07-13 21:35:07张臻高天慧傅超美章津铭石金凤
中国中药杂志 2017年12期

张臻+高天慧+傅超美+章津铭+石金凤+何瑶+尹恒+江茂源+李杰+高飞

[摘要] 膏丹丸散为中医药经典剂型,丸剂最具代表性与传承性,“丸者缓也,舒缓而治之”是最经典的丸剂剂型理论,对中药丸剂的遣方、制剂、临床用药都有指导性意义。该文以“丸者缓也”药剂学内涵为中心,从剂型理论、制剂技术、临床应用3个维度阐释中药丸剂对中医药精髓传承与发展的重要意义,以期为中药丸剂的制剂机制、代表功效的物质基础、临床疗效的作用机制等研究提供依据。

[关键词] 中药丸剂; 丸者缓也; 制剂有道; 制备有术; 临床有效

[Abstract] Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) pill, the most representative and successive dosage form, is called as one of the four classical TCM dosage forms. “Pills could keep the lasting and lenitive therapeutic efficacy for a long period” is the most classical dosage form theory, showing a guidance significance in making recipe, preparations and clinic application. In this article, we would elucidate the inheritance and development significance of TCM pills in three key points, including dosage form theory, pharmaceutical preparation technology and clinic usage based on the pharmaceutics connotation of this theory. From this, it can provide the basis for researches on pills mechanism, material basis and mode of action in clinical application.

[Key words] traditional Chinese medicine pill; pill release slowly with a long-time efficiency; rational pharmaceutical theory; scientific pharmaceutical method; clinical effective

“丸者,缓也,舒缓而治之”是金元四大家“补土派”名医李东垣在《用药法象》中,对中药丸剂的经典论述,是传统中医药剂型理论的精华之一,同时也揭示了中药丸剂的制剂特征。中药丸剂最早收载于我国医方书鼻祖《五十二病方》,几千年来同汤、膏、散剂被誉为四大传统中药剂型,由于其制剂理论经典、制备技术科学、临床疗效精准,在千年历史涤荡下更具生命力和時代特征,堪称传承中医药制剂精髓的典范。著名中医药品牌企业中国北京同仁堂(集团)有限责任公司,其十大王牌产品中就有源于经方的牛黄清心丸、安宫牛黄丸、大活络丸、乌鸡白凤丸、局方至宝丸、再造丸等6种丸剂,这些中成药具有独特的功效和良好的安全性,成为居家常备药品。出自宋《小儿药证直诀》的大品种六味地黄丸,近年在我国的销量占扶正类中药总销量的45%以上,仅2015年在零售市场的销售总额便高达20.57亿元[1]。……

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