443例原发性高血压中医证型分布及血压变异性规律研究

2017-07-13 16:04:16鲁成宋磊刘永明
中国中医药信息 2017年7期
关键词:高血压

鲁成+宋磊+刘永明

摘要:目的 探討原发性高血压中医证型分布及血压变异性规律。方法 选取443名原发性高血压病患者,采集四诊资料,进行辨证(复合证型者取主证),监测24 h动态血压,比较不同证型血压变异性。结果 443例患者中,肝肾阴虚证(157例)>气阴两虚证(83例)>阳气虚衰证(76例)>痰湿壅盛证(65例)>肝阳上亢证(62例)。不同证型年龄差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),性别、家族史、病程比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与肝肾阴虚证比较,痰湿壅盛证24 h收缩压、24 h平均血压差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);肝肾阴虚、肝阳上亢、气阴两虚、痰湿壅盛、阳气虚衰昼夜节律异常率分别为80.85%(38/47)、66.67%(14/21)、81.48%(22/27)、86.96%(20/23)、78.79%(26/33),各证型比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.031,P=0.553)。结论 443名高血压患者中肝肾阴虚证最多,肝阳上亢证最少;痰湿壅盛证血压最高,肝阳上亢证血压最低;肝肾阴虚证血压变异性最高,气阴两虚证血压变异性最低。

关键词:高血压;中医证型;血压变异性;动态血压

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2017.07.005

中图分类号:R259.441 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2017)07-0019-04

Abstract: Objective To study the TCM syndrome distribution and the laws of blood pressure variability in patients with primary hypertension. Methods Totally 443 patients with primary hypertension were selected; four diagnostic data were collected to conduct syndrome differentiation (main syndrome was chosen for compound syndrome); 24 h ambulatory blood pressure was monitored and blood pressure variability of each syndrome was compared. Results Among 443 cases of patients, liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome (157 cases) > qi yin deficiency syndrome (83 cases) > yang deficiency syndrome (76 cases) > phlegm dampness syndrome (65 cases) > liver yang hyperactivity syndrome (62 cases). There was statistical significance in ages of different syndromes, but there was no statistical significance in gender, family history and course of disease (P>0.05). Compared with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome, 24 h systolic blood pressure and 24 h mean blood pressure of phlegm dampness syndrome were significantly different (P<0.05); circadian rhythm abnormality rates of liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome, liver yang hyperactivity syndrome, qi yin deficiency syndrome, phlegm dampness syndrome and yang deficiency syndrome were 80.85% (38/47), 66.67% (14/21) ,81.48% (22/27), 86.96% (20/23), and 78.79% (26/33), respectively, without statistical significance in different syndromes (χ2=3.031, P=0.553). Conclusion Among the 443 hypertensive

patients, patients with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome were the most, and patients with liveryang hyperactivity syndrome were the least. Phlegm dampness syndrome has the highest blood pressure, while liveryang hyperactivity syndrome has the lowest blood pressure. Patients with liver-kidney yin deficiency syndrome are with the highest blood pressure variability, while patients with qi yin deficiency syndrome are with the lowest blood pressure variability.

Key words: hypertension; TCM syndromes; blood pressure variability; ambulatory blood pressure

高血压病是脑卒中、心力衰竭等疾病的重要危险因素,我国是世界上高血压病危害最严重的国家之一[1-4]。长期以来,临床仅关注高血压患者的通常血压和/或多次随访的平均血压。2010年3月,英国帝国理工大学Peter Sever教授在美国心脏病学会年会上报道了血压变异与心血管事件的关系,使其成为2010年以来心血管领域的热点话题[5]。本研究通过监测高血压患者24 h动态血压,比较其中医各证型血压变异性,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 病例来源

选取2012年1月-2016年1月上海中医药大学附属曙光医院、上海中医药大学附属第七人民医院、六安市中医院门诊及病房443例原发性高血压患者。

1.2 西医诊断标准

参照《中国高血压防治指南(2010年修订版)》[6]诊断及分类标准:18岁以上成年人未使用降压药的情况下,非同日3次测量血压,收缩压≥140 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)和/或舒张压≥90 mm Hg。患者既往有高血压史,目前正在使用降压药物,血压虽低于140/90 mm Hg,也诊断为高血压。

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