硼对紫薯营养品质的影响

吴佳璇 杜连彩

摘要[目的]探讨叶面喷施硼肥对紫薯营养品质的影响。[方法]以紫薯18为试验材料，采用叶面喷施硼肥的方法，研究硼对紫薯花青素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量、硼含量的影响。[结果]随着硼肥施用次数的增加，花青素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量呈現先增加后减少的趋势。在紫薯生长后期，以2 mg/g的H3BO3喷施3次，紫薯花青素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、维生素C含量和可溶性糖含量达到最高，喷硼后紫薯硼含量明显提高。[结论]叶面喷施适量硼肥能改善紫薯的营养品质。

关键词 紫薯；硼；品质

中图分类号 S53 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0027-02

Abstract[Objective] To discuss the effect of boron fertilizer sprayed on the leaf on the nutritional quality of purple sweet potato.[Method] Taking purple sweet potato 18 as material，the effects of anthocyanin，soluble protein，vitamin C，soluble sugar and boron contents of purple sweet potato were studied by spraying leaves with 2 mg/g H3BO3.[Result] The contents of anthocyanin，soluble protein，vitamin C and soluble sugar in purple sweet potato firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of boron fertilizer frequency.The maximum contents of anthocyanin，soluble protein，vitamin C and soluble sugar were reached by spraying 2 mg/g H3BO3 three times at the late growth stage of purple sweet potato.The content of boron in purple sweet potato was increased significantly with the increase of boron fertilizer frequency.[Conclusion] Appropriate boron application would promote the nutritional quality of purple sweet potato.

Key words Purple sweet potato；Boron；Quality

硼是植物生长发育所必需的矿质营养元素。甘薯缺硼，薯蔓顶端生长受阻、僵化，节间变短，叶柄卷缩，薯块柔嫩且长，薯肉上显现褐色斑点。硼参与植物体糖代谢、酚代谢，且在细胞壁、膜结构和功能中发挥重要作用，对作物品质形成有重要的影响[1]。研究表明，施用适量硼肥能使油菜增产、品质提高[2]；促进苹果对钙和硼的吸收[3]；提高砀山酥梨果实的可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量和果肉硬度[4]。然而，关于硼肥对甘薯品质的影响鲜见报道。硼是对植物生长发育起重要作用且易缺乏的重要微量元素，该研究以富含花青素的紫薯为材料，分析叶面施用硼肥对紫薯品质的影响，为紫薯优质栽培中合理施用硼肥提供理论依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 材料 试验材料采用紫薯18，该品种由山东省农业科学院作物研究所育成。……