秋水仙碱处理对鸦胆子幼苗生长的影响

邓宇豪 曾国亮 李林锋

摘要[目的]探讨秋水仙碱处理诱导鸦胆子多倍体的可能性。[方法]以二倍体鸦胆子[Brucea javanica （L.）Merr.]为材料，用0.1%、 0.3% 、0.5%和1.0%的秋水仙碱对幼苗茎尖生长点进行点滴处理，研究其对鸦胆子生长的影响。[结果]0.1%、0.3%、0.5%、1.0%秋水仙碱处理不同程度地抑制了鸦胆子幼苗植株的生长速度，与对照植株相比，分别平均降低8.3%、36.4%、37.0%和55.4%。各处理鸦胆子幼苗叶片气孔保卫细胞纵径、横径、周长、等视野气孔数及叶绿粒数间存在显著差异；随处理浓度的增加，叶片气孔保卫细胞数减少，气孔变大，叶绿粒数增多。秋水仙碱顶芽生长点诱变处理后形成的瘤块严重影响诱变新梢次年生长。[结论]鸦胆子幼苗生长点秋水仙碱诱变处理获得多倍体植株的途径不可行。

关键词 鸦胆子；秋水仙碱；幼苗生长；多倍体诱导

中图分类号 S723 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0156-02

Abstract[Objective] To discuss the feasibility of inducing Brucea javanica polyploidy by colchicine.[Method] With diploid B. javanica seedlings as the experimental materials， 0.1%， 0.3%， 0.5% and 1.0% colchicine were used on the stem apex growing point to study the effect of colchicines on its growth.[Result] The results showed that colchicine treatment inhibits the growth of B. javanica seedlings at different levels. As compared with control， the plant height decreased averagely 8.3%， 36.4%， 37.0% and 55.4%， respectively. There was a significant difference among stomatal number at visual field， chloroplast number， the length， width and perimeter of guard cell of B. javanica seedlings. Stomatal number decreased， individual guard cell enlarged and chloroplast number increased with increasing concentration of colchicines. However， the mass located at the growing tip of bud after treatment affects the shoot growth of B. javanica seedlings seriously during the next year.[Conclusion] The way is not workable through the inducement of colchicine on growing tip of bud of B. javanica seedlings.

Key words Brucea javanica；Colchicines；Seedling growth；Polyploidy induction

鴉胆子[Brucea javanica （L.）Merr.]是苦木科鸦胆子属常绿灌木或小乔木，又名苦参子、老鸦胆、苦棒子等，始载于《本草纲目拾遗》，主要分布于海南、广东、广西和云南等地。鸦胆子性寒，味苦，具有清热解毒、截疟、止痢、腐蚀赘疣的功效，为我国传统中药[1-2]。自1973年Kupchan等[3]从苦木科植物抗痢鸦胆子的茎皮醇提取物中分离得到对人体鼻咽癌（KB）、P-388白血病及L1210淋巴白血病有较强抑制作用的活性成分鸦胆丁（Bruceantin）和鸦胆醇（Bruceantinol）后，引起了人们对苦木科植物抗肿瘤活性成分研究的极大关注，鸦胆子也不例外。到目前为止，从鸦胆子种子（果实）、根、茎（茎皮）、枝叶及花中已发现了153种化学成分[4]，主要有苦木内酯、生物碱、三萜和脂肪酸等。……