赖宝春++吴顺章++郑春明++王家瑞

摘要 琯溪蜜柚黑点病已成为平和县蜜柚生产上的主要病害之一,严重影响果实的外观品质和销售价格。自2014年以来,对该病的症状、发生规律开展研究,发现新梢整个生长期都能发病,果实只在幼果期发病。栽培管理不善、修剪造成大量伤口、枯枝长期累积大量菌源、柚园小气候适宜均有利于黑点病的发生。
关键词 琯溪蜜柚;黑点病;症状;发病规律
中图分类号 S436.669 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2017)11-0129-02
Occurrence Regularity of Black-dot Disease of Citrus grandis(L).Qsbeck cv.Guanximiyou
LAI Bao-chun WU Shun-zhang ZHENG Chun-ming WANG Jia-rui
(Zhangzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Fujian Province,Zhangzhou Fujian 363005)
Abstract Black-dot disease has become one of the major diseases of pomelo production in Pinghe County,and it seriously affects the appearance quality and selling price of fruits.Since 2014,the symptoms and regularities of the disease have been studied.The results showed that new shoots could occur the diseases in the whole growth period,and the fruit occurred only in the young fruit stage.They were beneficial to the occurrence of black-dot disease,such as unsuibable cultivation and management,a mass of cuts caused by pruning,a large number of bacterial sources accumulated for long periods,suitable orchard microclimate etc.
Key words Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck cv.Guanximiyou;black-dot disease;symptoms;epidemic regularity
琯溪蜜柚[Citrus grandis(L.)Osbeck cv.Guanximiyou],又名香抛、平和抛,为云香科(Rutaceae)柑橘属(Citrus Linn)多年生木本植物,是福建省平和县的名牌水果,至今已有500多年的栽培历史。琯溪蜜柚以皮薄多汁、清甜醇蜜、酸甜适中而闻名古今中外,其含有丰富的VC及其他营养元素,是医学界公认的最具食疗的水果。平和县50万农业人口80%的家庭收入来源于琯溪蜜柚种植、生产、销售及加工,是名副其实的“致富果”“黄金果”,更是平和县的绝对支柱产业。近年来,由于琯溪蜜柚种植面积迅速增加,至2016年已达4.33万hm2以上,由最初的琯溪两岸种植至田间地头、山脚种植发展到现在漫山遍野种植至遍布整个平和,更辐射到周边县及广东、江西部分地區。随着种植面积的扩大,琯溪蜜柚黑点病由次要病害上升为主要病害,且危害面积逐年增加。琯溪蜜柚黑点病主要危害新梢、嫩叶和幼果,造成柚果果面粗糙,严重影响商品价值[1]。目前,国内对琯溪蜜柚黑点病的研究较少,为了弄清琯溪蜜柚黑点病的发生规律,于2014—2016年进行了专项研究,现将调查结果报道如下。……