浅谈高中英语“whether”与“if”的用法

刘亚琴

【摘要】whether与if 的用法容易混淆，结合教学实际将它们的用法作出详细归纳整理，方便学习。

【关键词】whether if 用法 名词性从句 让步状语 条件状语 固定搭配

“whether”与“if” 的用法容易混淆，本文结合教学实际将它们的用法作出归纳整理，以便学习。

一、在名词性从句和让步状语从句中只能用whether不可用if替换

连接词if、whether表“是否”，不作成分，绝大多数只能使用whether的情况。笔者就if 和whether的选用作如下解析：

（一）只能用whether的场合

1.主语从句位于句首时只能用whether； 不能用if

eg：Whether the meeting will be beneficial to us is still a problem.

Whether the meeting will be held tomorrow is not known yet.

whether well go picnicking tomorrow depends on the weather.

Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.

whether they think highly of him matters little to us.

Whether they have access to success is all the same to me.

2.表语从句只能用whether不能用if

eg：The problem is whether they have made rapid progress in maths.

The question is whether this book is well worth writing.

The problem is whether he can do it as a favor.

The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test？

3.同位語从句只能用whether不能用if

eg：I have no idea whether he committed suicide.

The problem whether we need more time has not been solved.

The question whether he could come himself or send another one hasnt been decided.

高考链接：You have not yet answer my question whether I can join in the party tonight.

4.在discuss等动词之后通常用whether不可用if 替换

eg：We have discussed whether we should prevent wild animals from escaping from the cage .

5.让步状语从句中表示“不管”、“无论”时，只能用whether不可用if 替换

eg：Whether our monitor is against or not，I are bound to finish it efficiently.

Whether she comes or not，we will begin our party on time.

6.与 or连用引导两个从句只能用whether不可if 替换

eg：Can you tell me whether she is eager to go camping or she is willing to stay at the hotel？

用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”讲时，下列情况下一般只能用whether不用if替换

7.在介词后做宾语时只能用whether不能用if

eg：It depends on whether you will consult the doctor about your illness.

Everything depends on whether we have saved enough money.

It depends on whether the manger will approve the plan.

We worried about whether he was in good health.

高考链接 —Can we finish our task by the weekend？

—It all depends on C we can get Mr. Smiths cooperation.

A. that B. what C. whether D. if

8. Whether直接与or not连用时，用whether不可if.

eg：I dont know whether or not hell escape punishment this time.

The question is whether or not you can finish the task independently.

9. whether + to do 中只能用whether不可if 替换

eg：Please tell me whether to postpone the meeting or not.

Tom didnt know whether to bother to read the articles

10. 间接宾语前置时用whether不可用if。

Whether she is detective Im not sure at the moment.

（二）只用if 的情况

宾语从句是否定结构时只用if，不用whether

eg：It seemed as if he was indifferent（漠然） if he could not get into a lifeboat.

（三）whether 或if可以互换

1.当it做形式主语，主语从句放在句末时用whether 或if都可以；

eg：It is doubtful whether/if he will keep in touch with his parents.

It is not important whether/if they have enough experience.

高考链接1. It remains to be seen D the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.

A.that B.which C.what D.whether

2.在宾语从句中表“是否”时，宾语从句的主句可以使用否定句但从句只用肯定句。

eg：1. I dont know whether / if Ill commit myself to my study.

3.像个别单词如wonder后接宾语从句是否定结构时，可以用whether引导

eg：I wonder whether/if he has complete primary education.

4. Whether不直接與or not连用时，可用if。

eg：Mary didnt know if /whether she will face the music or not.

二、if作“如果”讲时，引导条件状语从句

主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时代替一般将来时。此时不可以用whether。

eg：if you are occupied in your work tomorrow，Ill go without you.

三、某些固定搭配或句型

I doubt whether…

2. There is some doubt whether…

3. Im not sure whether…

总之，表“是否”时，whether使用频率比if多得多。