高雪松
【摘 要】随着我国经济社会的不断发展,我国的综合国力有了很大的提高。但是,在我国经济高速发展的同时,我们也应该清楚地认识到自然资源发展的不平衡,尤其是森林资源的减少。加强营林的管理是很有必要的,本研究探讨科学管理营林技术的几大要素。前言:自然资源是人类赖以生存的经济基础,只有维护好自然环境,才能使人类更好的生存。近年来,随着人类对树木的过度采伐,破坏生态环境,已经造成森林资源的缺失,严重危害了人类的生产生活。科学管理营林技术是重要的解决措施。
【关键词】科学管理;营林技术;要素
[Abstract] With the continuous development of China's economy and society, China's comprehensive national strength has been greatly improved. However, while China's economy is developing at a high speed, we should also be aware of the uneven development of natural resources, especially the reduction of forest resources. It is necessary to strengthen the management of yinglin, and this study discusses several factors of scientific management of forest technology. Preface: natural resources are the economic foundation on which human beings live. Only by maintaining the natural environment can human beings survive better. In recent years, with the excessive harvesting of trees and destruction of the ecological environment, the loss of forest resources has caused serious harm to human production and life. Scientific management of forest technology is an important solution.
[Key words] Scientific management; Forest technology; elements
1 营林生产灾害的种类和防治方法
1.1营林对雨雪冰冻灾害的防治方法
营林过程受雨雪冰冻灾害,在任意地区是不可避免的,其受灾程度除与雨雪冰冻天气持续时间,海拔,地形地貌有关外,在上述相同的成灾环境条件下,森林经营水平,营林质量,营林健康状况、营林技术方法、对造林树种的选择等因素影响,也与受到的不同程度的灾害有着直接的关系。天然林木比较抗雨雪冰冻等自然灾害的影响,人工营林比较易受雨雪冰冻灾害的影响,特别是人工纯林受灾影响最重,其经济损失也大。我省过去营造的速生丰产林绝大多数都选为杉木纯林,如果再赢林中它的初植密度过大,抚育间伐不及时,就会使树木为争夺阳光,使树高生长较快,但树冠幅较小,时间一长就会使树形成高、径、冠的比例失调,梢部木质化程度低,在冬季,当树冠积雪达到一定重量时,林木之间由于互相挤压,易形成大面积倒伏和折梢。……