胡小清++唐炎++陈昂++舒雅
摘 要:研究发现美国“科学、体育教育与我课程”(Science,PE &Me)有助于学生认知能力的提高,健康生活方式的养成,自我健康管理能力的促进以及终身体育意识的形成。SPEM课程的6个特征为:凸显认知、注重知识;注重理解、强调运用;层级清晰、全面兼顾;多段结构、逐级递进;多元评价、掌握有度;学科交叉、联系生活。对我国小学体育教学的启示:凸显育人价值,关注体育与健康知识的学习与运用;整合教学内容,促进体育健康知识和基本运动能力协调发展;优化教学模式,由三段式向多段式教学结构转变;制定多元评价标准,强调促进学生发展;拓展课程资源,强调联系学生生活经验和社会实际。
关 键 词:学校体育;SPEM课程;中小学;体育教学;美国
中图分类号:G807 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2017)04-0078-06
Characteristics of American SPEM course and its inspirations to
elementary school physical education in China
HU Xiao-qing1,TANG Yan1,CHEN Ang 2,SHU Ya1
(1.Department of Sport Education,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;2.Department of Kinesiology,The University of North Carolina at Greensboro,Greensboro 27412,USA)
Abstract: Through research the authors found that the American Science, Physical Education & Me (SPEM) course is conducive to students enhancement of cognitive ability, development of a healthy lifestyle, promotion of self health management ability and formation of lifelong sport awareness. 6 characteristics of SPEM course are as follows: highlights cognition, values knowledge; values understanding, emphasizes application; clear levels, comprehensive consideration; multi-stage structure, advancement step by step; multidimensional evaluation, moderate control; disciplinary crossing, connection to life. Its inspirations to elementary physical education in China are as follows: highlight people education value, focus on sport and health knowledge learning and application; integrate teaching contents, promote the coordinated development of sport and health knowledge and basic movement ability; optimize teaching modes, realize the changing from a three-stage teaching structure to a multi-stage teaching structure; establish multidimensional evaluation standards, emphasize promoting student development; expand curriculum resources, emphasize their connection to students life experience and social reality.
Key words: school physical education;SPEM course;elementary and middle schools;physical education teaching;USA
青少年肥胖引起的健康問题,多年来已成为美国公共卫生领域热点,加强学校中的体育教育、改善青少年的健康状况为美国学校体育研究重点[1-2]。美国健康卫生部联合教育部在2003年拨出专款,聘请美国马里兰大学的恩尼斯和陈昂领衔开展基于建构主义理论,以学校为中心的身体活动干预课程——SPEM (Science,PE & Me,即科学、体育教育和自我)课程。在恩尼斯和陈昂组织下,美国众多知名大学教授、课程专家、一线资深体育教师及其他学科教师联合攻关,并在正式实施之前在30个城市和郊区学校进行了5年的科研验证。数据表明,SPEM课程的实施效果显著,学生在SPEM课程中的期望价值和成就动机、情境兴趣、知识掌握以及体力活动水平和能量消耗均高于传统班的学生[3-6]。……