天津市供用水结构变化分析

洪思扬+王红瑞+程涛+来文立+焦志倩

摘要：供用水结构体现了区域内各产业部门供用水类型之间互相关联、互相依存的结构关系。研究区域供用水结构的特征及变化，对协调区域经济和环境的发展具有重要意义。对天津市2001年-2013年供用水结构特征进行分析，运用洛伦兹曲线及基尼系数计算方法分析用水类型空间分布特征。研究表明：天津市供、用水总量呈上升趋势，年均增长率均为2.31%，供、用水结构变化相对稳定。农业用水和生活用水的空间分布格局较为合理，工业用水差异较大，空间分布极不均衡，应当引起相关部门的重视。

关键词：供用水结构；洛伦兹曲线；基尼系数；天津市

中图分类号：TV213 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1672-1683（2017）04-0001-06

Abstract：Water supply and consumption structure reflects the interconnected and interdependent structural relationships between the water supply and consumption types of different industrial sectors in a region.Studying the characteristics and changes of regional water supply and consumption structure has important practical significance in realizing coordinate and harmonious development of regional economy and environment.This paper analyzed the water supply and consumption structural change during 2001-2013 in Tianjin，and analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of water-use types using Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient.The results showed that the total amount of water supply and consumption tended to rise at an average annual growth rate of 2.31%.The change of water supply and consumption structure was relatively stable.The spatial distribution of agricultural water and domestic water was reasonable，but that of industrial water was greatly unbalanced and exceeded the internationally recognized warning level.

Key words：water supply and consumption structure；Lorenz curve；Gini coefficients；Tianjin

水作為基础性自然资源和战略性经济资源，对国民经济发展具有重要作用[1]。用水结构是以比例形式表达各用水类型之间互相关联与依存关系的结构体系[2]，其合理性对协调区域经济和资源环境的发展具有重要意义。

目前，国内外学者针对用水结构作出了大量研究。许士国[3]等对吉林省白城市农业用水趋势进行深入探讨；潘雄锋[4]等利用灰色系统建模方法对用水结构进行预测分析，以探寻更为合理化的用水结构；Sun Haoyang[5]将信息熵理论运用到海河流域用水结构的分析之中；Chen Jing[6]建立了基于灰色分析和协同理论的区域产业用水结构评价模型；Bao Chao[7]对中国西北干旱内陆河流域的产业结构及用水结构的关系进行深入研究及优化；……