基于AFLP标记的黄河三角洲中国柽柳种质资源遗传多样性分析

李永涛+杨庆山+刘德玺+周健+王莉莉+王振猛+魏文千

摘要：为了解黄河三角洲地区分布的中国柽柳单株间的遗传关系，利用AFLP 分子标记技术对黄河三角洲滨海地区天然分布的60个中国柽柳优良单株的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明，筛选出的8对引物组合在60个中国柽柳单株中共扩增出1 197个条带，其中多态性条带1 177个，平均每对引物扩增出149.63个条带和147.13个多态性条带，平均多态性条带比率为98.27%。每个位点的平均多态信息量为0.1648，平均有效等位基因数为1.2562，平均多样性指数为0.2718。60份材料间的遗传相似性系数介于0.8148～0.9172之间，经聚类分析，以遗传相似性系数0.86为阈值，可将60份种质资源聚为6个类群；其中，第6组群内再以遗传相似性系数0.872为阈值时，又可分为7个亚组。本研究揭示出黄河三角洲滨海地区中国柽柳单株间虽存在一定的遗传多样性，但遗传基础差异较小，可为该区域柽柳种质资源保存、鉴定和利用提供理论依据。

关键词：黄河三角洲；中国柽柳；AFLP；遗传多样性

中图分类号：Q781 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2017）07-0021-06

Abstract In order to understand the genetic relationship of Tamarix chinensis in the Yellow River Delta， the genetic diversity of 60 T. chinensis superior individuals was tested by AFLP technique. The results showed that 1 197 fragments were amplified by 8 selective primer pairs from 60 superior individuals of T. chinensis， and there were 1 177 polymorphic fragments. A total of 149.63 fragments and 147.13 polymorphic fragments were amplified for each pair of primers. The average polymorphism percentage was 98.27%. The average polymorphic information of each locus was 0.1648， the average number of effective alleles was 1.2562， and the average index of genetic diversity was 0.2718. The average genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.8148 to 0.9172. Through clustering analysis， the 60 samples were clustered into 6 groups when the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.86 was used as the threshold value. In which， when the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.872， the sixth group could be divided into 7 subgroups. In short， although there were certain genetic diversity among T. chinensis superior individuals in the Yellow River Delta， the genetic basis difference was narrow. The results could provide theoretical bases for germplasm conservation， identification and utilization of T. chinesis in this region.

Keywords The Yellow River Delta； Tamarix chinensis； AFLP； Genetic diversity

黃河三角洲滨海地区是中国北方典型的泥质海岸，地下水埋藏浅且矿化度高，海水易内侵，土壤盐渍化严重，生态系统脆弱。目前，分布于黄河三角洲沿海及滩涂地带的大面积柽柳群落是维持该地区生态环境的重要支柱，其在黄河三角洲的生态维护以及植物资源的种质保护上都具有极其重要的价值[1]。

柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）为柽柳科（Tamaricaceae）柽柳属（Tamarix Linn.）植物，又称中国柽柳、三春柳等，具有高抗盐、抗旱、耐水湿的生物学特性[2]。……