海南农垦农产品产地土壤重金属污染分布特征及评价

2017-08-09 21:02:01刘月林运萍黄世清唐群锋张
热带农业科学 2017年7期

刘月++林运萍++黄世清++唐群锋++张民++符锦锋++吴玲

摘 要 以海南农垦农产品产地土壤为研究对象,研究了土壤中As、Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr等5种重金属的含量特征,并利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗污染指数法及潜在生态危害指数法,对该地区土壤重金属污染程度和潜在生态危害进行评价。结果表明:As、Hg、Cr平均含量高于海南省表层土壤背景值,重金属污染累积值分别为4.90、2.00、7.73;该地区土壤重金属污染空间分布不均匀,位于海南省北部地区的红明、东昌、南海、东路、南阳等基地内梅罗污染指数和Cr的单因子污染指数均大于1.00,土壤处于Cr轻度污染状态;土壤重金属潜在生态危害指数为168.70,整体表现为中等生态危害,潜在生态危害主要来自于As和Hg。

关键词 海南农垦 ;土壤重金属 ;污染评价 ;潜在生态危害

中图分类号 X53 文献标识码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.07.003

Distribution Characteristics and Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals

Pollution in Hainan State Farms

LIU Yue1,2) LIN Yunping1,2) HUANG Shiqing1,2)

TANG Qunfeng2,3) ZHANG Min1,2) FU Jinfeng1,2) WU Ling1,2)

(1 Hainan Natural Rubber Quality Inspection Station, Haikou, Hainan 570206;

2 Academy of Hainan State Farms, Haikou, Hainan 570206;

3 Hainan State Farms Investment Holdings Group Co. Ltd., Haikou, Hainan 570100)

Abstract The soil contents of As, Hg, Pb, Cd and Cr in the agricultural producing areas of Hainan States Farms were analyzed, and the pollution and potential ecological hazards of heavy metals were assessed by means of single factor pollution index, nemerow pollution index and potential ecological risk index. The results showed that the average contents of As, Hg and Cr were higher than the background values of the surface soil in Hainan with their accumulated values being 4.90, 2.00 and 7.73, respectively. The spatial distribution of heavy metals pollution in the soil was uneven. The nemerow pollution index and the Cr single factor pollution index of Hongming, Dongchang, Nanhai, Donglu and Nanyang in the north areas of Hainan were higher than 1.00, which showed a slight Cr pollution. The potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in the soil was 168.70, which showed an intermediate ecological hazard, and heavy metals As and Hg were primary factors.

Keywords Hainan State Farms ; heavy metal in soil ; pollution assessment ; potential ecological hazards

近幾十年来,随着有色金属矿山的开采、工业“三废”的排放、农业生产污水灌溉等原因造成的土壤重金属污染问题逐步显现,由此直接或间接导致的农产品重金属含量超标和人体重金属污染事件频频出现[1],随之带来的农产品质量安全问题令人担忧。据估测,我国重金属污染农田面积已达 2 000 万hm2,约占耕地总面积的1/5,每年因重金属污染造成粮食的直接经济损失超过200亿元[2]。2011 年,国务院正式批复《重金属污染综合防治“十二五”规划》,2012年,农业部、财政部印发了《农产品产地重金属污染防治实施方案》,要求全面开展全国农产品产地土壤重金属污染防治普查,切实加强农产品产地重金属污染防治工作,提升农产品质量安全保障水平 。……

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