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摘 要 双尾琉璃小灰蝶(Hypolycaena kina Hewitson)是在云南省德宏州发现的一种石斛新害虫。通过室内观察和田间调查,对双尾琉璃小灰蝶不同发育阶段的形态特征和生物学特性进行初步观测,并描述其发生危害特点。结果表明,3月下旬是双尾琉璃小灰蝶为害高峰期,其幼虫取食大包鞘石斛的花朵,影响大包鞘石斛的生长及其观赏价值,并提出可行的防治措施。
关键词 双尾琉璃小灰蝶 ;生物学特性 ;发生为害
中图分类号 S567 文献标识码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.07.007
A New Pest Insect of Dendrobium: Hypolycaena kina Hewitson
LUO Kai BAI Yanbing GAO Yan LI Guilin
LI Zesheng JIANG Yan ZHOU Houguang GEN Xiuying
(Yunnan Dehong Institute of Tropical Agriculture Research, Ruili, Yunna 678600)
Abstract Hypolycaena kina Hewitson was found as a new pest insect infesting Dendrobium in Dehong, Yunnan province, China. The morphological and biological characteristics of H. kina Hewitson at different development stages were observed and the pest infestations were also described in the lab and the field. The results showed that late March was the peak period for occurrence of H. kina Hewitson. The larvae of H. kina fed on flowers of Dendrobium wardianum Warner, and their feeding behavior caused damage to the growth and ornamental value of D. wardianum. Some feasible measures were proposed to control this pest.
Keywords Hypolycaena kina Hewitson ; biological characters ; damage
石斛为兰科(Orchidaceae)石斛属(Dendrobium)附生植物,是我国传统的名贵中药材,其茎中含有石斛多糖、石斛碱和菲类等药用成分,具有增强免疫、强阴益精,生津益胃、抗癌等功效[1]。20世纪70年代以后,由于长期掠夺性的采摘,野生石斛资源濒临枯竭[2]。2000年以来,人工种植石斛面积不断扩大。据中国石斛专业委员会统计,2016年全国各类石斛种植总面积达到1.46万hm2,主要种植石斛种类为铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinale)、兜唇石斛(Dendrobium aphyllum)、齿瓣石斛(Dendrobium devonianum)、金钗石斛(Dendrobium nobile)、鼓槌石斛(Dendrobium chrysotoxum)、霍山石斛(Dendrobium huoshanense)、球花石斛(Dendrobium thyrsiflorum)。然而,大面积的石斛种植导致新病虫害的发生,农药残留和安全问题日益加剧,严重制约了石斛产业的发展。
2015年3月,笔者发现一种鳞翅目幼虫为害大包鞘石斛(Dendrobium wardianum Warner),采集其幼虫带回室内饲养,待其羽化后,对成虫形态特征进行鉴定,依据《中国灰蝶志》[3],并参考Kun等的报道[4],确定该害虫为双尾琉璃小灰蝶(Hypolycaena kina Hewitson, 1869)。迄今为止,尚未见有关其生物学特性和发生为害特点等方面的研究报道。……