以人为中心理论对失独老人心理问题护理干预的研究

徐叶果+胡梦晶

【摘要】目的：探讨以人为中心理论对失独老人心理问题护理干预的效果。方法：对东湖区随机选取156例失独老人进行调查，依据SCL-90 （症状自评量表），把其中的134例阳性心理的失独老人作为研究对象进行观察，随机分为实验组和对照组，每组分别为67人，实验组运用罗杰斯以人为中心理论去治疗其心理问题，对照组采用一般方法治疗其心理问题。结果：实验组在经过5个月的治疗后，再次运用SCL-90 （症状自评量表）进行测量，测评者在抑郁、孤独等症状中得分明显减少，总体来说心理症状问题明显减少 。结论：罗杰斯以人为中心理论对失独老人的心理问题干预效果明显，有效地提高了失独老人的身心健康。

【关键词】以人为中心；失独老人；心理护理

[Abstract] Objective：To explore the effect of human-centered theory on the nursing intervention of psychological problems in the elderly. METHODS： A total of 156 unidentified elderly persons were randomly selected from Donghu District. According to SCL-90 （Symptom Checklist）， 134 patients with positive psychosocial deprivation were enrolled as study subjects. They were randomly divided into experimental group and Control group， each group were 67， the experimental group using Rogers to human-centered theory to treat their psychological problems， the control group using the general method of treatment of its psychological problems. Results： After 5 months of treatment， the patients were treated with SCL-90 （Symptom Checklist）. The scores of the subjects were significantly reduced in the symptoms of depression and loneliness. In general， the psychological symptoms were significantly reduced. Conclusion： Rogers' human-centered theory has obvious effect on the psychological problems of the elderly， and effectively improves the physical and mental health of the disabled.

[Key words] people as the center； lonely elderly； psychological care

【中圖分类号】R913 【文献标识码】B 【文章编号】2095-6851（2017）07--01

所谓失独，是指由于疾病、意外事故、自然灾害或自杀等原因，致使独生子女家庭失去唯一子女。失去独生子女的父母成为失独父母，他们通常由于年龄、身体等原因而无法再生育，最终产生一系列的家庭和社会问题[1]。根据已有数据，目前中国15～30岁的独生子女总人数约有1.9亿人，这一年龄段的年死亡率为万分之四，因此每年约产生7.6万个失独家庭，按此统计，目前中国的失独家庭至少已超百万[2]。失独老人由于遭受老年丧子的悲痛，心理承受着极大的压力，社会关系紧张。本课题从罗杰斯以人为中心理论出发，对失独老人心理进行护理干预，取得一定地效果，现总结如下。……