羌活属植物在不同海拔引种的生态适宜性研究

2017-08-10 20:19:57蒋舜媛周燕孙辉周毅万凌云张艳侠
中国中药杂志 2017年14期

蒋舜媛 周燕 孙辉 周毅 万凌云 张艳侠 王建

[摘要]采用人工引种栽培方式研究不同海拔梯度下羌活与宽叶羌活的生长状况、地下生物量和有效成分含量的变化规律,筛选羌活属植物的最佳种植区域。结果表明:①从栽培植株成活率和生物量等指标来看,羌活的生态适应范围是2 600~4 100 m;宽叶羌活生态适应海拔高度是1 700~3 600 m。②从药用部位有效成分含量与总量来看,羌活有效成分含量与总量较高的海拔范围是2 600~3 600 m,而宽叶羌活有效成分含量与总量较高的海拔则是1 700~3 600 m。综上所述,羌活生态和品质亚最适宜范围为2 600~3 600 m;宽叶羌活对应区域较宽,为1 700~3 600 m。该结果将为羌活属植株的野生驯化与人工栽培提供科学依据。

[关键词]羌活; 宽叶羌活; 生态适宜性; 人工栽培; HPLCDADESIMS

[Abstract]A comprehensive field research had been focused on growing status, underground biomass and active constituents of Notopterygium incisum and N franchetii to evaluate the ecological suitability and appropriate cultivation zones by growing the two species seedlings along different elevation gradient The results showed that compared to the survival rate and underground biomass, the beneficial altitude region to N incisum was ranged from 2 600 m to 4 100 m, while N franchetii required a lower altitude which ranges from 1 700 m to 3 600 m For the active constituent contents, the values were higher in the range of 2 600 to 3 600 m for N incisum, but for N franchetii, the range was form 1 700 to 3 600 m This result provides instructional guidance and scientific basis for artificial cultivation of N incisum and N franchetii

[Key words]Notopterygium incisum; N franchetii; ecological suitability; artificial cultivation; HPLCDADESIMS

我國药典收录的羌活药材Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix的基原植物为伞形科羌活属中国特有和濒危植物羌活Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H T Chang和宽叶羌活N franchetii Boiss[1]。羌活为中药和藏、羌等民族医药大宗药材,在我国有数千年的用药历,传统上以其柱状根茎及根入药[2]。羌活药材性温,味辛、苦,气浓郁,具有解表散寒、祛风除湿,止痛之功效,主治风寒感冒,头痛强项,风湿痹痛,肩背酸痛[34]。现代药理研究表明对心脑血管疾病也有确切疗效[5]。周毅等[6]调研发现,因羌活适生与高寒独特的生境,分布区狭窄,种群更新缓慢,致野生资源蕴藏有限,近30年来生境人为严重破坏以及野生资源种群缺乏保护,使得羌活野生资源濒危状况日益严重[7]。鉴于野生环境中羌活生长周期长以及野生资源日益枯竭的现状[89],通过适当的技术在适于的环境人工引种实现羌活药材的规模化栽培,是满足市场对羌活药材不断增长的需求、保护野生资源种群、实现相关资源与产业可持续发展的重要途径。……

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