张晓丽
[摘要] 目的 观察小儿糖尿病酮症酸中毒的抢救措施及护理措施。方法 选取2016年1月—2017年1月来该院治疗的46例小儿糖尿病酮症酸中毒患儿展开分析,所有患儿均接受规范的抢救措施及护理,观察患儿经抢救及护理前后的血糖、血钾、血钠的水平变化情况。 结果 在经治疗前,患儿血糖、血钾、血钠水平分别为(27.05±4.22)、(3.23±0.33)、(133.65±9.66)mmol/L,经治疗后,患儿血糖、血钾、血钠水平分别为(7.32±1.28)、(4.13±0.64)、(144.63±8.48)mmol/L。患儿治疗前后的血糖、血钾、血钠水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 及时有效的抢救措施和综合护理是临床治疗小儿糖尿病酮症酸中毒的重点,可控制病情发展,降血糖,有助于患儿更快康复。
[关键词] 小儿;糖尿病酮症酸中毒;抢救;护理观察;综合
[中图分类号] R587 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-4062(2017)04(a)-0118-02
[Abstract] Objective To observe the emergency measures and nursing measures of children with diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods 46 cases of children with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted and treated in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 were selected and all patients accepted the standardized emergency measures and nursing, and the changes of blood glucose, serum potassium and sodium levels before and after nursing after emergency were observed. Results Before treatment, the blood glucose, serum potassium and sodium levels of children were respectively (27.05±4.22),(3.23±0.33),(133.65±9.66)mmol/L, after treatment, the blood glucose, serum potassium and sodium levels of children were respectively (7.32±1.28),(4.13±0.64),(144.63±8.48)mmol/L, and the differences before and after treatment were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The timely and effective emergency measures and comprehensive nursing are the key points of clinical treatment of children with diabetic ketoacidosis, which can control the disease development and lower the blood glucose, and contribute to the rapid recovery of children.
[Key words] Children; Ketoacidosis; Emergency; Observation on nursing; Comprehensive
小兒糖尿病酮症酸中毒症(DKA)是临床较为常见的一种小儿糖尿病并发症[1],其症状主要表现为患儿恶心呕吐、腹痛、多尿、脱水等,且病情发展急骤,多不稳定,一旦未经有效抢救及护理干预,可伴发意识障碍、器官衰竭,造成患儿昏迷,有较高的致死率。由于患儿不具有完善的机体免疫防御功能,且DKA初期的临床特异性并不明显,容易被家属所忽视,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取2016年1月—2017年1月来该院治疗的46例小儿糖尿病酮症酸中毒患儿展开分析,所有患儿均血糖、尿酮体检查诊断为DKA,尿糖阳性。其中,女17例,男29例,年龄5~12岁,平均年龄(9.2±3.3)岁,病程26 d~4年。发病诱因:27例感染、5例应激、5例胰岛素剂量不当、7例饮食不当、其他2例。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 抢救 立即对患儿开放静脉通路,给予0.4 U胰岛素溶解250 mL的0.9%的氯化钠,持续静脉泵注,定时检测患儿血糖、pH水平变化,如pH水平>7.3、血糖<12 mmol/L,则用2%葡萄糖静滴。着重观察患儿血糖变化,并适当调整胰岛素剂量,直至并且稳定改胰岛素进行皮下注射;……