对国家油菜籽临时收储政策的几点思考
——效果、问题及其取消后的影响

冷博峰，李谷成，冯中朝

（1. 华中农业大学经济管理学院，湖北 武汉 430070；2. 湖北农村发展研究中心，湖北 武汉 430070）

对国家油菜籽临时收储政策的几点思考
——效果、问题及其取消后的影响

冷博峰，李谷成，冯中朝*

（1. 华中农业大学经济管理学院，湖北 武汉 430070；2. 湖北农村发展研究中心，湖北 武汉 430070）

作为一项农产品价格支持政策，油菜籽临时收储政策在执行期内保障了种植户的基本销售收入，稳定了市场价格，在政策执行区域内增加了油菜种植面积。但政策执行期间也出现了库存积压严重、进口依存度上升、收储品质欠佳、进口菜籽油顶替入库、财政负担较重和超出WTO补贴规则限制等问题。2015年政策取消后，短期内出现国内外市场价差迅速减小、农户种植收益和意愿下降、油脂加工企业利润增加和油菜籽进口量降低等产业影响。预计长期将出现国内外市场价差趋于稳定、种植户商品率下降、油脂加工企业产能向沿海转移和进口量恢复等产业影响。建议未来同类政策进行设计和调整时应明确政策执行目标，保持政策灵活性，为市场主体预留充足反应时间，并合理确定政策支持方式和支持力度。

油菜；临时收储政策；价格支持；农业补贴；农产品价格形成机制

Abstract：As a price support policy of agricultural products, during the implementation period, rapeseed provisional reserve policy ensured farmers’ basic sales revenue, stabilized the market price and increased rapeseed planting area in the policy implementation area. But there are also some problems in the same period, such as heavy inventory, rising degree of dependence on imports, poor quality, imported rapeseed oil replacing the local products, heavy financial burden, and exceeding the limitation of WTO subsidy rules. Since the cancellation of the policy in 2015, the short run impacts have shown up, including rapidly decreased price gap between domestic and international markets, decreased farmers’ income and planting willingness, increased proft for processing enterprises, and reduced rapeseed imports. It is anticipated that the long run infuence will show up, including stabilized price gap between local and international markets, decreased commercialization rate of farmers’ rapeseed products, moving of processing enterprises to coastal areas, and increased rapeseed imports. Therefore, this paper suggests to have clear policy goals, to keep policy fexible, to set aside suffcient reaction time for market entity, and to make reasonable policy support system and level.

Key words：rapeseed; provisional reserve policy; price support policy; agricultural subsidy; agricultural product priceforming mechanism

食用植物油是人类的重要副食品，其重要性仅次于粮食，如果人体长时期摄入油脂不足，即会导致营养不良、体力不佳、体重减轻，甚至丧失劳动能力。中国营养学会[1]建议11岁以上中国人食用油摄入量为每天25 g至30 g，按2014年中国总人口13.68亿人计算，每年食用油需求量近1.50×107t。……