郑微微,何在中,徐雪高*
(1.江苏省农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,江苏 南京 210014;2.中国储备粮管理总公司,北京 100044;3.南京农业大学经济管理学院,江苏 南京 210095)
江苏主要粮食生产中化肥过量施用评价及影响因素研究
郑微微1,何在中2,3,徐雪高1*
(1.江苏省农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,江苏 南京 210014;2.中国储备粮管理总公司,北京 100044;3.南京农业大学经济管理学院,江苏 南京 210095)
中国化肥施用量已超过其经济意义上的最优施用量。基于固定观察点2003-2012年粮食连续种植的农户面板数据,对江苏省小麦和稻谷生产中的化肥过量施用程度进行评价,并实证分析其影响因素。结果表明,江苏省小麦的化肥过量施用程度为14.13%,稻谷为44.15%。其中,受教育水平、劳动力非农转移和土地租入比例一定程度上促进了化肥的过量施用,而家庭人均收入、农业技术培训和耕地规模效应则对化肥过量施用起一定的抑制作用,此外,上一年粮价也会对化肥用量产生一定的影响。应从施肥观念、施肥技术、新型农业经营主体培育、土地流转服务体系及粮食市场体制等方面做出完善。
粮食作物;化肥;过量施用;评价;影响因素;江苏省
Abstract:From the economics perspective, China’s application of chemical fertilizer has exceeded the optimal magnitude. Based on the panel data from 2003 to 2012 of grain growing households from the fxed observation points, this paper evaluated the overuse degree of chemical fertilizer in Jiangsu Province for wheat and rice production, and then empirically identifed the infuencing factors. Results show that the overuse degrees of wheat and rice reached 14.13% and 44.15%, respectively. Particularly, the education degree, off-farm labor migration, and the rate of land rent contribute to the over application of fertilizer. However, per capita income, agricultural technical training, and arable land scale have negative impacts of fertilizer overuse. In addition, lagged grain price could also cause fertilizer overuse. Hence, to reduce the fertilizer overuse, this paper suggests: to change fertilization concept, to improve application technology, to cultivate new types of agricultural business, to promote land transfer service system, and to reform the grain marketing system.
Key words:grain crops; chemical fertilizer; over fertilization; evaluation; infuencing factors; Jiangsu Province
化肥大量施用对我国促进农业增产、保障粮食安全起到了重要作用。Fan和Pardy[1]研究表明1965-1993年我国化肥施用对农业生产增长的贡献率达21.7%,Wang等[2]研究指出,1986-1990年我国40%的农业生产增加来源于化肥施用,王祖力和肖海峰[3]也研究得出,1978-2006年间化肥施用对粮食产量增加的贡献率达57%。……