江西野生果树种质资源及其利用研究进展

2017-08-13 08:55:34王惠明吴庭观王璠
安徽农业科学 2017年3期

王惠明 吴庭观 王璠

摘要 综述了江西省野生果树资源种类、分布及利用`情况,指出了目前江西野生果树种质资源开发利用中存在的问题,并展望了今后的研究方向。江西野生果树种质资源丰富,现有野生果树种和变种共878种,分属于54科129属,这些野生果树主要集中在蔷薇科、樟科、壳斗科、葡萄科、猕猴桃科、冬青科、忍冬科和榆科。赣中南地区野生果树主要集中在壳斗科、樟科、冬青科、山龙眼科、桃金娘科、棕榈科等;赣北地区主要的野生果树集中在漆树科、桦木科、木兰科、樟科、壳斗科、卫矛科等。松科、葡萄科、猕猴桃科及蔷薇科等种类在全省有广泛分布。目前,江西野生果树资源利用较少,还有待挖掘。

关键词 野生果树;种质资源;利用现状;江西

中图分类号 S602 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)03-0004-03

Abstract We introduced germplasm resources of wild fruit trees in main forestry regions and nature reserves of Jiangxi Province as well as the distribution of wild fruit trees and its utilization in Jiangxi. We pointed out the problems in the utilization of wild fruit germplasm in Jiangxi, and looked forward to the research direction in the future. The results showed that Jiangxi had abundant wild fruit trees resources. There were 878 species and varieties, belonged to 54 families, 129 genera. Most of them belonged to Rosaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Vitaceae, Actinidiaceae, Aquifoliaceae and Caprifoliaceae. The main germplasm resources of wild fruit trees in southcentral Jiangxi belonged to Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Aquifoliaceae, Proteaceae, Myrtaceae,Palmae,etc;and fruit tree resources in North Jiangxi belonged to Anacardiaceae, Betulaceae, Magnoliaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae and Celastraceae;most species and varieties in Pinaceae, Vitaceae and Actinidiaceae, Rosaceae were widely distributed in Jiangxi. However, the utilization of wild fruit tree resources were limited.

Key words Wild fruit plants;Germplasm;Utilization status;Jiangxi

野生果樹是一类可食用、可作为食品加工原料或可以作为栽培植物砧木的植物。野生果树资源在果树育种和品种改良等方面具有重要作用,为栽培果树提供了优良的砧木资源以及特异的亲本材料。随着人们生活水平的提高和资源开发利用的深入,野生果树以其绿色、安全、营养独特等优势,倍受人们的重视。江西省地处我国东南部,在我国植物区系分区位置中属于华东植物地区,植被区划属于亚热带常绿阔叶林区域,全省面积达16.69万km2,地带狭长,气候温暖湿润,四季分明,拥有很多独特的野生果树资源,如崇义野生橘(Citrus reticulata Blanco)、刺葡萄[Vitis davidii(Roman.Du Caill.)Fex.]、水松[Glyptostrobus pensilis(Staunt.)Koch]、南方红豆杉[Taxus mairei(lemee et Lévl.)S.Y.Hu]、蛇葡萄[Ampelopsis sinica(Miq.)W.T.Wang]、江西羊奶子(Elaeagnus jiangxiensis C.Y.Chang)等,这些野生果树资源不仅本身具有较高的经济价值,也是重要的育种材料。……

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