梅州烟区烤烟新品种(系)的筛选

2017-08-13 08:55:34农恒翘宗钊辉魏秋兰
安徽农业科学 2017年3期

农恒翘 宗钊辉 魏秋兰

摘要 [目的] 筛选在梅州烟区适宜种植的烤烟新品种(系)。[方法] 采用当地栽培方式,测定8个不同烤烟品种的农艺性状、抗病性、化学成分、经济性状,进行差异性分析。[结果]HY01与HY02的产量、产值、中上等烟比例高于对照云烟87。HY02抗病性在引进品种中最好。HY01、HY02的化学成分平衡性与工业评吸最好。[结论] 在引进的烤烟品种中,HY01和HY02适宜在梅州五华产区生态环境条件下种植。

关键词 烤烟;新品种;筛选;梅州烟区

中图分类号 S572 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)03-0027-04

Abstract[Objective] To sereen the suitable new varieties of fluecured tobacco for the ecological conditions of Meizhou Tobacco Area. [Method] Local standard cultivation mode was adopted. We detected the agronomic characters, disease resistance, chemical component and economic characters of 8 varieties of fluecured tobacco. And their difference analysis was carried out. [Result] HY01and HY02 had higher yield, output value and proportion of middle and upper tobacco than the control (Yunyan 87). HY02 had the optimal disease resistance. HY01 and HY02 showed the optimal chemical component equilibrium and industrial smoking results. [Conclusion] Among the introduced varieties, HY01 and HY02 were suitable to be planted under the ecological environmental condition of Meizhou Wuhua Production Area.

Key words Fluecured tobacco;New variety;Screening;Meizhou Tobacco Area

煙草是我国重要的经济作物[1]。烤烟品种、生态环境、栽培技术是影响烟叶产量和品质的重要因素,其中优质的烤烟品种是获得优质烟叶,提高烟叶产量和质量的内在因素[2-4]。不同的烤烟品种有其自身的遗传特性,且对环境的要求也不尽相同,只有将品种自身的特性和生态环境结合起来,才能充分发挥其潜力[5-7]。因此,应筛选与当地生态环境相适宜的最佳品种,再采取合理的栽培措施,充分发挥品种的内在潜力,形成不同生态地区、不同风格特色的烟叶产品来满足中式卷烟对多种风格特色的优质烟叶的要求[8-10]。

优良品种的种植具有时限性,长时间种植单一品种会导致品种退化[11]。主栽品种云烟87在梅州种植多年。近几年,笔者对梅州烟区烟叶的感官质量与化学成分进行分析,发现存在一些问题,主要为烟碱含量有走高趋势,烟气略粗糙,香气质和香气量有下降趋势、风格特征弱化等[12]。该试验通过引进新品种,筛选出适合梅州地理气候的优良烤烟品种,为梅州烤烟优良品种的选择和区域化布局提供依据。……

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