海虾风味料的开发及应用

2017-08-13 15:14:47高志中劳敏军周小敏
安徽农业科学 2017年3期

高志中 劳敏军 周小敏

摘要[目的]开发高品质的海虾风味料。[方法]根据味料同源原理,以酶解度、感官评定为指标,对新鲜海虾头的酶解工艺进行优化。通过单因素试验,筛选出酶解效果较好的复合蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶,并进行复合酶解正交试验。[结果]虾头原料酶解的最佳反应条件为温度50 ℃,pH 5.5,时间8 h,加酶量0.2%,其中复合蛋白酶与风味蛋白酶的比例为1∶1。此条件下酶解液酶解度为26.77%,感官评定无苦味,虾风味浓。[结论]以该酶解液制备得到的鲜虾粉和深海虾酱味道鲜美,具有浓厚的天然虾香味。

关键词 虾头;酶解;海虾调味品

中图分类号 TS254 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)03-0098-03

Abstract[Objective] To develop high quality shrimp flavor materials.[Method] According to the principle of flavour material homologous,using the enzymolysis degree and sensory evaluation as indexes,fresh shrimp head enzymatic hydrolysis process was optimized.Compound protease and flavor protease were selected through single factor experiment,compound enzymolysis was conducted by orthogonal experiment.[Result] The results indicated that the suitable technological conditions for enzymolysis of shrimp head were as follows:temperature 50 ℃,pH 5.5,enzymolysis time 8 h,adding amount of enzymes 0.2%,and the proportion of compound protease and flavourzyme 1∶1.Under these conditions,the enzymolysis liquid enzymolysis degree was 26.77%,the sensory evaluation without bitterness,full of shrimp special flavor.[Conclusion] The shrimp powder and deep sea shrimp paste prepared by the enzymolysis liquid are delicious,which can provide strong natural shrimp flavor.

Key words Shrimp head;Enzymolysis;Shrimp spice

鮮味是指烹调原料本身具有的或经加热分解产生的部分氨基酸、核苷酸、酰胺、三甲基胺、多肽、有机酸等物质刺激味蕾产生的感觉,是优质蛋白质的滋味。研究发现,鲜味物质参与生物生存所必要的食物选择、摄取、消化、吸收和代谢,因而改善了人类的生活品质。我国虾资源丰富,是重要的鲜味物质来源,虾类在加工过程中会产生大量的虾头、虾皮、虾尾等副产物[1-2]。虾副产物营养丰富,含有大量蛋白质、氨基酸、矿物质、虾青素、几丁质以及二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和具有生理调节功能的短肽,其安全性高,能够作为海鲜调味品提升其他食材的鲜味,被广泛应用于功能食品及食品添加剂[3-5]。

利用蛋白酶解制备海鲜风味料是精深加工虾类副产物的重要途径,可极大地提高虾的经济价值[6]。……

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