云杉扁叶蜂的生物学特性及综合防治方法

2017-08-13 20:12:38麻云霞李钢铁冯斐马媛潘羿壅童春元
安徽农业科学 2017年17期

麻云霞 李钢铁 冯斐 马媛 潘羿壅 童春元

摘要[目的]明确云杉扁叶蜂(Acantholyda piceacola Xiao et Zhou)的生物学特性并研究其综合防治措施。[方法]采取人工饲养观察与野外调查观测试验相结合的方法,调查云杉扁叶蜂的发生、危害现状、生活史及生活习性,研究云杉扁叶蜂各区域的发生程度以及扁叶峰数量分布与土层深度的关系,并进行了多种防治措施的对比试验。[结果]云杉扁叶蜂1年或1年以上完成1代,不同样地的有虫株率差异显著,虫口密度差异也极显著。在幼虫4龄前进行防治,采用树干注药法和叶面喷雾法,对云杉针叶的保护效果较好;在卵期采用14%吡虫啉·敌敌畏进行树干注药的防治效果较好,针叶损失率较小,为8.43%,今后可大面积推广使用。[结论]试验结果为园林植物主要害虫榆紫叶甲的防治提供了参考。

关键词云杉扁叶蜂;虫口密度;防治效果

中图分类号S763.43文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2017)17-0124-05

Abstract[Objective] The aim was to clear biological characteristics of Acantholyda piceacola Xiao et Zhou and research comprehensive prevention and treatment. [Method] We used captive observation and field investigation, combined the methods of observation test to investigate current situation, life history and life habits of Acantholyda piceacola, and further understand the spruce flat sawfly degree of each area and ye flat number distribution and the relationship between the soil depth, and a variety of measures for prevention and control of contrast test. [Result] Spruce flat sawfly for a year or more than one year to complete a generation, not in the same way with insect strain rate was more significant difference, the population density difference also reached significant level. Had better use the trunk in front of the larval age 4 to control drug infusion method and foliar spray method to spruce needle protection effect is good, in the egg stage with 14% imidacloprid · dichlorvos trunk injection drug control effect is best, acerola minimum loss rate was 8.43%, the use of massive popularization in the future. [Conclusion] The results provide reference for the control of Acantholyda piceacola.

Key wordsAcantholyda piceacola Xiao et Zhou;Population density;Control

基金项目林业公益性行业科研专项(201504412)。

作者简介麻云霞(1991—),女,内蒙古察哈尔右翼后旗人,碩士研究生,研究方向:荒漠化防治。

*通讯作者,教授,博士,从事荒漠化防治研究。

收稿日期2017-04-07

沙地云杉(Picea mongolica)林是陆地上非常罕见的森林生态系统类型,只分布在内蒙古东部。白音敖包自然保护区的原始沙地云杉林是现存的保存较好的大面积成片云杉林,为保护区主要保护对象。但是近年来由于气候的变化和人类多因素的破坏以及虫害、火灾的发生,沙地云杉林资源正在逐步退减,已达到绝灭的边缘[1],保护沙地云杉林成为人类目前面临的十分重要的社会课题,同时也具有十分重要的科研价值和社会经济价值。……

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