不同处理方法对皂荚种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

申健 刘轶 刘德江

摘要[目的]缩短皂荚种子休眠时间，提高种子发芽率。[方法]以层积处理为对照（CK），通过测定发芽时间、发芽率、株高、根长、鲜重、叶绿素含量等指标，对比浓硫酸法、碱水法、热水法、冷热水交替法、砂纸法、层积法对皂荚种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。[结果]砂纸法和浓硫酸法处理的种子发芽率最高，达84%；砂纸法处理的种子集中在4 d内发芽，发芽时间最短，且幼苗根长最长，达80.52 mm；浓硫酸法处理具有最高的叶绿素含量，为6.597 8 mg/g；CK在株高方面有明显优势，植株鲜重以浓硫酸和砂纸处理为最佳。[结论]综合各因素考虑，砂纸法和浓硫酸法是促进皂荚种子萌发及幼苗生长的最佳方法。

关键词皂荚；种子萌发；幼苗生长

中图分类号S723.1文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2017）17-0144-02

Abstract[Objective]To shorten the dormancy time and improve the germination rate of Gleditsia sinensis seeds. [Method]The seeds were treated with concentrated sulfuric acid method， alkaline water method， hot water method， alternate hot and cold water method， sand paper method and stratification method to compare the influence on seed germination and seedling growth through the germination time， germination rate， plant height， root length， fresh weight and chlorophyll content. [Result]Germination rate of sandpaper and sulfuric acid methods was 84%， which was the highest. The seeds of sandpaper method germinated in 4 days， and germination time was the shortest. The root length of sandpaper method was the longest， that was 80.52 mm. The treatment of sulfuric acid had the highest chlorophyll content， which was 6.597 8 mg/g. Contrast treatment had obvious advantages in plant height. Plant fresh weight of sulfuric acid and sandpaper was the best. [Conclusion]It can be concluded that sandpaper and sulfuric acid method were the best ways to promote the germination and seedling growth of Gleditsia sinensis.

Key wordsGleditsia sinensis；Seed germination；Seedling growth

基金项目佳木斯大学应用技术类重点项目（yz2014-005）。

作者简介申健（1979—），女，吉林辉南人，讲师，博士，从事经济植物栽培生理研究。*通讯作者，高级实验师，硕士，从事浆果植物育种与栽培研究

收稿日期2017-04-21

皂荚（Gleditsia sinensis Lam.）为蔷薇目皂荚属豆科乔木，又称皂荚树、皂角等[1]。我国从北到南均有分布，多生于平原、山谷及丘陵地区[2]。皂荚耐干旱、耐寒冷、抗性强、能固氮改土、生长快、树型优美，皂刺、荚果、种子、叶子等都具有极高的药用和工业用价值，且皂荚木材物理性质好，较坚硬，是优良的工艺材料和蜜源树种，广泛应用于城乡绿化景观、農田防护、工业原料、水土保持、畜牧业、制药业等[3]。

虽然皂荚在我国分布很广，但是由于长期的人为采伐，天然种质资源丢失严重，我国境内仅保留残次疏林、个体（丛、簇）或散生木，群体处于濒危状态[4]。……