经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗多发骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折疗效分析

2017-08-17 21:22:59原向伟黄秀芳陈忠羡范全梁
中国医药科学 2017年12期

原向伟??黄秀芳??陈忠羡??范全??梁胜根??秦英

[摘要] 目的 观察并分析经皮后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)在多发骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折中的应用及其疗效。方法 对2013年1月~2015年12月本院确诊超过2个节段的骨质疏松性胸腰椎新鲜压缩骨折患者42例共94椎进行PKP治疗,并获得完整随访,比较治疗前后视觉模拟评分(VAS)、后凸Cobb角、椎体矢状位指数(VSI)、生活质量评分(Barthel指数)等指标及手术并发症。结果 术前、术后3天和术后1年的VAS评分为(7.56±1.24)、(2.65±1.31)、(1.96±0.89)分,Cobb角为(32.83±6.78)°、(10.11±5.75)°、(9.79±4.81)°,VSI为(0.61±0.21)、(0.89±0.26)、(0.85±0.19),Barthel指數为(29.11±11.95)、(75.75±13.88)、(71.47±12.03)分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。42例发生并发症15例,发生率35.71%,其中穿刺并发症2例,骨水泥渗漏7例,发生率为16.67%,至术后1年发生临近椎体骨折6例(14.29%)。结论 PKP治疗多发骨质疏松性胸腰椎压缩骨折可明显改善患者症状、恢复椎体前缘高度、恢复Cobb氏角、改善生活质量。

[关键词] 经皮椎体后凸成形术;多发胸腰椎压缩骨折;骨质疏松症

[中图分类号] R687.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616(2017)12-203-04

The analysis of effect of PKP in treating multiple osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture

YUAN Xiangwei1 HUANG Xiufang2 CHEN Zhongxian1 FAN Quan3 LIANG Shenggen1 QIN Ying1

1.Department of Spinal Surgery,the Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Jiangmen 529030,China; 2.Department of Pathology,the Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,Jiangmen 529030,China; 3.Department of Orthopedic Surgery Eight,Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Wuyi,Jiangmen 529000,China

[Abstract] Objective To study and analyze the use and effect of PKP in treating multiple osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture. Methods Patients with multiple(>2 vertebrae)new osteoporotic thoracolumbar compression fracture(42 cases,94 vertebrae) were treated with PKP from January,2013 to December,2015 with complete follow-up.The visual analogue scale (VAS),Cobbs angle,vertebral sagittal index (VSI),Barthel index and complications were investigated and analyzed. Results Before operation, 3 days and 1 year after operation,the VAS was (7.56±1.24),(2.65±1.31)and (1.96±0.89).The Cobbs angle was (32.83±6.78)°,(10.11±5.75)°and (9.79±4.81)°.The VSI was(0.61±0.21),(0.89±0.26) and (0.85±0.19).The Barthel index was(29.11±11.95),(75.75±13.88)and(71.47±12.03).There were significant differences(P<0.05).Complications occurred in 15 cases among total 42 cases (incidence 35.71%).There were 2 cases of puncture complications.Leakage of bone cement occurred in 7 cases(10 vertebrae,incidence 16.67%).Adjacent vertebral fractures occurred in 6 cases(incidence 14.29%) after 1 year. Conclusion PKP can relieve symptoms,reduce the kyphosis and improve vertebral height and life quality.

[Key words] Percutaneous kyphoplasty;Multiple thoralumbar compression fracture;Osteoporosis

目前我国已进入人口老龄化社会,骨质疏松症的发病率及患者数量也日益增高,胸腰椎压缩骨折是老年骨质疏松患者最为常见的骨折,其主要表现为腰背痛或双侧胁肋部疼痛,以起身站立或活动后加重,明显影响患者的生活[1]。而多发性胸腰椎压缩骨折引起的腰背痛尤为严重,常伴明显的活动受限及脊柱后凸畸形[2],引发多种并发症的几率高,不仅严重威胁着老年人的生命与健康,也给治疗和康复带来一定的难度和挑战。我科于2013年1月~2015年12月,采用经皮后凸成形术治疗一组多发性骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩骨折患者,获得满意疗效。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

本组42例患者(94椎),其中男8例,女34例,年龄50~82岁,平均(68.2±9.5)岁。纳入标准包括:不少于2个椎体骨折、骨折发生于胸椎或腰椎、确诊骨质疏松症(通过双光子骨密度仪确诊)、手术时间不迟于骨折后3周、需排除神经损伤。……

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