清远市无偿献血者梅毒感染现状与初筛对策

虢娟??邓凯航??林雪珍??赖艳娥??李尚烽

[摘要] 目的 对清远市无偿献血者人群梅毒感染情况进行分析，为制定科学的献血招募策略和初筛对策提供依据。方法 对清远市2012～2015年61 705人份无偿献血者血液标本梅毒抗体的检测结果，按不同职业、不同献血动员方式进行统计，并结合机采血小板梅毒感染的情况进行分析。 结果 2012～2015年市区无偿献血者梅毒阳性率虽有一定的下降趋势但差异无显著性，平均为0.54%，不同的献血动员方式中互助献血者梅毒阳性率最高，个人自愿、互助献血、计划无偿、团体自愿分别为0.53%、0.99%、0.43%、0.21%。2012～2015年机采血小板梅毒感染率低，平均为0.09%。 结论 采供血机构必要时应增加献血者健康检测筛查工作，针对不同职业的无偿献血者和不同的献血动员方式，采取不同的初筛对策，降低梅毒的检出率。

[关键词] 无偿献血者；梅毒感染；初筛；献血招募

[中图分类号] R759.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616（2017）12-232-03

Current status and preliminary screening countermeasure of syphilis infection of voluntary blood donor in Qingyuan

GUO Juan DENG Kaihang LIN Xuezhen LAI Yan'e LI Shangfeng

Qingyuan Blood Center，Qingyuan 511518，China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the situation of syphilis infection among voluntary blood donors in Qingyuan to provide reference for making scientific blood donation recruitment strategies and preliminary screening countermeasure. Methods Detection results of syphilis antibody of blood samples of 61705 voluntary blood donors in Qingyuan from 2012 to 2015 were recorded according to different careers and mobilization ways of blood donation.In addition，it combined with syphilis infection of apheresis platelet was analyzed. Results Positive rate of syphilis of municipal voluntary blood donors from 2012 to 2015 was certainly reduced but the difference was not statistically significant.The average was 0.54%.Among different mobilization ways of blood donation，positive rate of syphilis of mutual-aid blood donors was the highest.Positive rate of individual volunteer，mutual-aid blood donation，planning voluntary donors and voluntary groups were 0.53%，0.99%，0.43% and 0.21% respectively.Syphilis infection rate of apheresis platelet in 2012 to 2015 was the lowest and the average was 0.09%. Conclusion Blood transfusion services should increase health screening work of blood donors when it is necessary.They should adopt different preliminary screening countermeasures according to voluntary blood donors with different careers and different mobilization ways of blood donation to reduce detection of syphilis.

[Key words] Voluntary blood donors；Syphilis infection；Preliminary screening；Blood donation recruitment

梅毒是由梅毒螺旋體（TP）引起的一种性传播疾病，具有较强的传染性，可引起全身多组织、器官的损害，是危害人类健康的严重传染病之一，主要通过性接触和非性接触传播，后者又以血液传播居多，也是我国血液检测中可经输血传播感染的检测项目之一[1]。近年来随着梅毒病例数在我国的迅速增长，其已成为了所占比例最高的一种性病，梅毒可引起的并发症较多，对于孕妇、胎儿危害极大，且对于患者中枢神经系统、骨骼、消化系统等均有较大危害，应及时检测提早治疗。为了解清远市无偿献血者梅毒流行病学特征，以制定科学的献血招募策略和初筛对策，现对本市2012～2015年61 705名献血者的梅毒血清学检测结果进行统计分析，现报道如下。……