刘成恩+李兴邦+吕桂



摘 要 目的:探讨PFNA、DHS、Gamma钉3种方法治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法:选取95例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者按照手术方式不同,分为DHS组(n=31)、 Gamma钉组(n=30)和PFNA组(n=34)。对比3组患者的临床疗效及安全性。结果:PFNA组和Gamma钉组手术时间、负重时间优于DHS组(P<0.05)。PFNA组术后3个月Harris评分优于DHS组和Gamma钉组(P<0.05)。结论:PFNA、DHS、Gamma钉3种方法治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折,均取得了显著的疗效,其中PFNA组在手术指标和疗效方面具有较高的优势,但具有术中出血量较高的缺点。
关键词 PFNA DHS Gamma钉 股骨粗隆间骨折
中图分类号:R683.42; R687.32 文献标识码:B 文章编号:1006-1533(2017)15-0045-03
Comparative study of the effect of PFNA, DHS and Gamma nail in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture
LIU Chengen, LI Xingbang, LV Gui
(the First Department of Orthopaedics, Xinxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunfu 527400, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of PFNA, DHS and Gamma nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly. Methods: Ninety-five elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture were divided into a DHS group (n=31), Gamma nail group (n=30) and PFNA group (n=34) based on different surgical methods. Their clinical efficacy and safety were compared. Results: The operation time and weight-bearing time were better in the PFNA and Gamma groups than in the DHS group (P<0.05). The Harris scores were better in the PFNA group than in the DHS and Gamma groups 3 months after operation (P<0.05). Conclusion: Three methods for the treatment of senile intertrochanteric fractures have achieved remarkable curative effect in surgical indicators and efficacy but a disadvantage of high amount of intraoperative bleeding in the PFNA group.
KEY WORDS PFNA; DHS; Gamma nail; femoral intertrochanteric fracture
股骨粗隆間骨折高发于老年人群,其发病率约为髋部骨折的60%,早期死亡率较高。手术是目前老年股骨粗隆间骨折较为有效的治疗方,主要包括动力髋螺钉(dynamic hip screw, DHS)、Gamma钉以及近端防旋髓内钉(proximal femoral nail antirotation, PFNA)固定,均具有创伤小、手术时间短、风险低等优点[1]。本文旨在探讨3种不同固定法之间的差异。例老年股骨粗隆间骨折患者作为研究对象,按照手术方式不同,分为DHS组31例,Gamma钉组30例,PFNA组34例。DHS组:男18例,女13例,年龄55~88例,平均年龄(67.5±10.6)岁;骨折侧别:左侧19例,右侧12例。Gamma钉组:男19例,女11例,年龄55~86例,平均年龄(66.2±9.3)岁;骨折侧别:左侧19例,右侧11例。PFNA组:男20例,女14例,年龄55~89例,平均年龄(68.8±11.3)岁;骨折侧别:左侧19例,右侧15例。三组患者一般资料比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。
1.2 方法
DSH组:患者取仰卧位,于骨科牵引床上,患肢外展20°~30°,臀部垫高,采用硬膜外麻醉。在C型臂X线机下,对骨折部位在机器透视下进行牵引复位,随后取髋部外侧入路,充分显露股骨近端和大粗隆部分,于大粗隆下方2~3 cm处,向下纵向作15 cm切口,向股骨头方向,钻入导针(颈干角135°,前倾角15°),在C型臂X线机的透视下,确认导针位置和方向,确定良好后,扩孔,安装钢板,并拧入合适长度的螺纹钉,用加压螺丝进行加压,固定钢板。……