宜昌黑花生多点品种（系）比较试验

郑守贵+田先念+邓红军+鄢竞哲+曹鹏+刘云发+李春红

摘要：2016年进行了花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）多点品种（系）比较试验，参试的3个品种（系）平均单产4 290 kg/hm2。其中宜昌黑花生新品系全生育期114 d，植株直立状，主茎长58.1 cm，单株分枝数8.3个，单株结果枝数6.8个，平均单产4 664 kg/hm2，比豫花22号增产35.5%，居第二位。室内考种单株产量为17.9 g，500 g荚果饱果重482.6 g、总仁重量324.9 g、饱仁重量304.5 g，单株结实荚果数18.5个、饱荚果数16.4个、秕荚果数2.1个、无发芽果和烂果。中花9号全生育期113 d，平均单产4 767 kg/hm2，比豫花22号增产38.5%，平均单产居第一位。豫花22号全生育期105 d，平均单产为3 441 kg/hm2。

关键词：花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）；宜昌黑花生；品种（系）比较试验；单产

中图分类号：S565.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）14-2623-05

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.14.007

Abstract： A comparative experiment of peanut（Arachis hypogaea L.） varieties was carried out in 2016， in which the average yield of 3 varieties was 4 290 kg/hm2. For the new line of Yichang black peanut，the entire growth period was 114 days， the plant was erect，the stem length was 58.1 cm，the branch number per plant was 8.3，the number of fruiting branches per plant was 6.8，and the average yield was 4 664 kg/hm2， which was 35.5% higher than Henan peanut No.22 and ranked the 2nd position. The yield per plant was 17.9 g， 500 g pod fruit weight was 482.6 g， in which the total kernel weight was 324.9 g and the full kernel weight was 304.5 g. The number of pods per plant， full pods per plant and blighted pods per plant were 18.5， 16.4 and 2.1， respectively. No germination and rotten fruit. As for Zhong peanut No.9， the average yield was 4 767 kg/hm2，38.5% higher than Henan peanut No.22，and ranked the first position. Its entire growth period was 113 days. The entire growth period of Henan peanut No.22 was 105 days with an average yield of 3 441 kg/hm2.

Key words： peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）； Yichang black peanut； comparative test of lines； average yield

花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）單株选择法简便易行，收效较快，是人们最常用的选育良种的有效方法之一[1]。宜昌黑花生系宜昌市农业技术推广中心2013年在夷陵区分乡镇普溪河村从黑花生地方品种中采用单株选择法经过系统选育而成的黑花生新品系（以下简称新品系）。2014年春播试种，单产3 375 kg/hm2；2015年夏播试种，单产4 200 kg/hm2。为鉴定该品系的特征特性、丰产性、适应性、抗逆性及利用价值，2016年在宜昌市进行了多点品种（系）比较试验。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验地点

本试验共设置6个试验点，分别为当阳市王店镇新店村、枝江市七星台镇董家湾村、秭归县茅坪镇建东村、五峰土家族自治县仁和坪镇船山坪村、长阳土家族自治县高家堰镇青岩村和夷陵区黄花镇张家口村。

1.2 试验品种（系）及来源

参试的花生品种（系）共3个，分别为宜昌黑花生新品系（自繁）；中花9号（CK1）（从中国农业科学院油料作物研究所引进）；……