微观经济视角下生态产品最优供给研究

于浩　郑晶

摘 要：随着人民群众物质生活水平的提高，人们的消费需求随之升级，开始由“盼温饱”转向“盼环保”，由“求生存”转向“求生态”。人民群众在期待安居、乐业、增收的同时，更期待天蓝、地绿、水净，期待拥有优质的生态产品，期待享受良好的生态福利。努力扩大生态产品的有效供给，不断提升发展的质量与效益，增强人民群众的获得感是全面建成小康社会的应有之义。该文以萨缪尔森规则为切入点，从微观经济的视角探讨了生态产品的有效最优供给问题，认为应该通过征税承担生态产品供给的成本以保证生态产品的有效供给；课征环境税，坚持以防治污染为核心，实施最严格的环境保护制度，促进生态产品的有效优质供给。

关键词：生态产品；萨缪尔森规则；最优供给；环境税

中图分类号 F812 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2017）15-0003-5

Abstract：With the living standard improved gradually and the change of peoples consuming habit， national people， having met the growing need of material life， begin to pursue the quality of spiritual life. Not only are the people expect to live and work in peace and contentment as well as increase their income， but also they are looking forward to having high quality ecological products and enjoying a good ecological welfare which include the blue sky， green earth， clear water. Efforts should be made to expand the effective supply of ecological products， improve the quality and efficiency of development continuously， and enhance the peoples sense of having gained which is something inherent in the concept of building a well-to-do society in an all-round way. This thesis takes the Samuelson rule as a cutting point， and probes into the effective optimal supply problem of ecological products from the perspective of microeconomics. It is believed that the cost of ecological products supply should be paid through taxation to ensure the effective supply of ecological products. Levying environmental tax， adhering to prevent and remedy pollution as the core， and implementing the most stringent environmental protection system to promote the effective supply of high quality ecological products.

Key words：Ecological products； Samuelson rule；Optimal supply；Environmental tax

随着经济发展、财富积累和生活水平的提高，人们的物质需求得到极大满足，告别了物质短缺的时代，开始由“求温饱”到“求环保”、由“求生存”到“求生态”的转变，消费需求升级。但是在经济高速发展的同时，生态环境恶化，良好的生态产品成为短缺产品，无法满足广大人民群众的消费需求，成为实现全面建设小康社会的“短板”。党的十八大将“生态文明”提升到突出地位，并纳入社会主义现代化建设“五位一体”总布局中，明确提出“增强生态产品生产能力”的新命题，生态产品的生产和供给能力成为衡量生态文明建设成效的新的指标，是生态文明建设的重要内容。……