5种石油醚前处理对不同植物样品黄酮含量测定的影响

郑定华++袁淑娜++陈俊明++黄坚雄++潘剑++李娟++周立军

摘 要 为了解不同石油醚前处理对植物黄酮含量测定的影响，用70 %乙醇提取、芦丁硝酸铝亚硝酸钠比色法，对经过5种石油醚前处理的不同植物样品中黄酮含量进行比较研究，结果表明：经石油醚索氏回流前處理的样品提取液颜色较浅且沉淀较少；先提取再石油醚萃取处理的各样品黄酮含量测定值均异常高于其他4种处理；经CK、石油醚超声30 min、石油醚浸泡15 h前处理的乌蕨、广金钱草样品黄酮得率均有所提高，但地胆头和鸡骨草则有升也有降；进一步检验分析发现，若待测液有未除尽的石油醚，则会而造成测定值偏高。结论：石油醚前处理未必能提高植物样品黄酮得率，也不会造成黄酮的显著损失，在一般的植物黄酮含量测定中其并非必要程序，但若采用了该程序则应在黄酮含量测定前除去待测液中余存的石油醚以排除干扰。

关键词 石油醚 ；植物黄酮 ；提取 ；黄酮含量 ；干扰

中图分类号 TS224.4

Effects of Five Petroleum Ethers Pretreatment on

Different Plant Samples Flavonoid Content

ZHENG Dinghua YUAN Shuna CHEN Junming HUANG Jianxiong

PAN Jian LI Juan ZHOU Lijun

（Rubber Research Institute / Ministry of Agriculture Danzhou Station for Tropical Crops Investigation & Experiment， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Danzhou， Hainan 571737）

Abstract In order to find out the effects of different petroleum ether pretreatment on the content determination of plant total flavonoid，four plant samples pretreated by five different petroleum ether treatments were studied in this paper. Results showed that extracts （70 % ethanol extract， the same blow） from samples pretreated by heating reflux with Soxhlet extractor （CK） showed lighter color， deposit was easier found in extracts with no petroleum ether treatments. All of the petroleum ether pretreatment after extraction showed abnormally higher total flavonoid content than CK， no petroleum ether treatments， petroleum ether pretreated 30 min by ultrasonic， and petroleum ether pretreated 15 h by Cold-soak. Total flavonoid content of Stenoloma chusanum and Desmodium styracifolium that pretreated by CK， petroleum ether pretreated 30 min by ultrasonic， and petroleum ether pretreated 15 h all showed higher total flavonoid content than that of no petroleum ether treatments， but Elephantopus scaber and Aburs cantoniensis showed higher or lower. Further analysis found that residual petroleum ether in the extract may interfere the determination value of flavonoids. Conclusions： Petroleum ether pretreatment did not necessarily helpful or cause significant loss for plant flavonoid extraction， so it was not a necessary procedure in plant flavonoid determination， but if petroleum ether pretreatment were carried out， petroleum ether must be clean out before determination.

Key words petroleum ether ； plant flavonoid ； extract ； flavonoid content ； interfere

黄酮类化合物是广泛存在于植物中的一类重要的次生代谢产物，种类繁多且结构复杂。植物黄酮类成分具有保肝、抗炎、抗菌、抗病毒、保护心血管等多种药理活性，是植物和医药领域的研究热点[1]。黄酮提取是植物黄酮含量测定的基础，提取前一般先对植物样进行除杂处理。石油醚可破坏植物蜡质层和溶解油脂、叶绿素、胡萝卜素等[2-6]，且一般黄酮类化合物不溶于石油醚中[7]，因此，植物黄酮的提取一般可用石油醚进行脱脂。……