地佐辛用于老年患者腹腔镜胃肠手术预先镇痛的观察

2017-09-09 13:12:21童美勉颜景佳陈小林
中国现代医生 2017年22期
关键词:腹腔镜手术

童美勉+颜景佳+陈小林

[摘要] 目的 觀察地佐辛用于老年患者腹腔镜胃肠手术预先镇痛的效果。 方法 选择2014年6月~2016年6月在我院择期行腹腔镜胃肠手术的老年患者80例,年龄≥65岁,ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,按序贯法随机分为两组(n=40):A组为地佐辛预先镇痛组,B组为对照组。两组术中麻醉均以瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚维持,均在手术结束前10 min停止瑞芬太尼和丙泊酚泵注。A组在停用瑞芬太尼前15 min静脉注射地佐辛0.1 mg/kg;B组该时点静脉注射等量生理盐水。在手术结束时(T1)、拔除气管导管时(T2)、拔管后15 min(T3)、拔管后30 min(T4)、拔管后60 min(T5)5个时点,记录心率(HR)、有创收缩压(SBP)。在T3、T4、T5三个时点进行疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)。同时观察苏醒期间并发症、心血管不良事件、24 h其他镇痛药使用率等。 结果 A组在拔管后15 min(T3)、拔管后30 min(T4)、拔管后60 min(T5)VAS评分低于B组(P<0.05),且两组疼痛引起的心血管应激反应比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),A组不良反应较少(P<0.05)。 结论 地佐辛预先镇痛对老年患者腹腔镜胃肠手术后疼痛有效,且对心血管有稳定作用。

[关键词] 地佐辛;老年患者;腹腔镜手术;预先镇痛

[中图分类号] R614 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2017)22-0093-03

[Abstract] Objective To observe the effect of dezocine applying in preemptive analgesia for laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery among elderly patients. Methods Eighty elderly patients(age≥65 years; ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ) undergoing scheduled laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery in our hospital from June 2014 to June 2016 were randomly divided into two groups(n=40) based on the sequential method: group A(preemptive analgesia using dezocine) and group B(control group). Intraoperative anesthesia in both groups was maintained by the infusion of remifentanil and propofol, which was ceased 10 min before surgery. The group A was intravenously injected with 0.1 mg/kg dezocine 15 min before the cease of remifentanil; the group B was intravenously injected with equivalent physiological saline at this time point. Heart rate(HR), invasive systolic blood pressure(SBP) were recorded at the end of surgery(T1), the removal of tracheal intubation(T2), 15 min after extubation(T3), 30 min after extubation(T4) and 60 min after extubation(T5). Pain was scored using visual analogue scale(VAS) at T3, T4 and T5. Meanwhile, complications, adverse cardiovascular events and the use rate of other analgesic drugs within 24 hours were observed during analepsia. Results At 15 min after extubation(T3), 30 min after extubation(T4) and 60 min after extubation(T5), VAS score in the group A was lower than that in the group B(P<0.05); pain-caused cardiovascular stress response showed significant differences between the two groups(P<0.001); the incidence of adverse reactions in the group A was lower than that in the group B(P<0.05). Conclusion Dezocine applied in preemptive analgesia can be effectively used in pain secondary to laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery among elderly patients, and can stabilize the cardiovascular system.

[Key words] Dezocine; Elderly patients; Laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery; Preemptive analgesiaendprint

随着年龄增加,老年患者(年龄≥65岁)常合并不同程度的内科疾病,如高血压、冠心病、糖尿病等,术后因疼痛和气管导管刺激往往引发血压升高、心率加快、血糖升高,从而增加心肌氧耗,影响心肌氧供需失衡,加重心肌缺血缺氧,甚至导致心肌梗死或脑血管意外等不良事件发生[1-3]。因此,老年患者行腹腔镜胃肠手术后镇痛,维持血流动力学平稳显得特别重要。地佐辛主要作用于μ和κ受体,是阿片受体激动-拮抗镇痛药,可产生镇痛、镇静作用,而对呼吸没有明显抑制作用[4-5]。本研究拟观察地佐辛用于老年患者腹腔镜胃肠手术预先镇痛的效果。……

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