江汉鸡蛋品质测定与分析

潘爱銮++孙静++吴艳++蒲跃进++皮劲松++梁振华++张昊++杜金平++申杰++董秀均

摘要：测定了不同日龄、不同养殖方式、不同胫色江汉鸡的蛋品质。结果表明，不同试验组江汉鸡的蛋形指数、蛋壳强度无显著差异；与300日龄江汉鸡所产鸡蛋比较，180日龄江汉鸡初产蛋蛋重较小（为40.24 g），蛋重的差异达到显著水平，哈氏单位较高（为82.43）；笼养条件下，江汉鸡初产蛋蛋黄比例为28.80%，显著低于300日龄黄胫或青胫江汉鸡所产蛋蛋黄比例（分别为32.79%、33.16%）；不同养殖方式下，江汉鸡蛋品质各具特点，难分仲伯；不同胫色江汉鸡蛋品质无显著差异；鸡蛋哈氏单位大于72，蛋黄罗氏比色值在10以上，蛋形指数为1.28，蛋壳强度大于3.5 kg/cm2，各指标均在理想值范围，蛋品质优良。说明江汉鸡是培育蛋品质上乘的地方鸡新品系良好素材。

关键词：江汉鸡；蛋品质；育种素材

中图分类号：S831.91+2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）16-3113-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.16.029

Study on Egg Quality of Jianghan Chicken

PAN Ai-luan1，SUN Jing1，WU Yan1，PU Yue-jin1，2，PI Jin-song1，LIANG Zheng-hua1，

ZHANG Hao1，DU Jin-ping1，SHEN Jie1，DONG Xiu-jun3

（1. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary， Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science/Hubei Innovation Center of Agricultural Science and Technology/Hubei Key Lab of Animal Embryo Technology and Molecular Breeding， Wuhan 430064， China；

2. Animal Husbandry Extension Center of Hubei Province， Wuhan 430064， China；

3. Jingshan Animal Husbandry and Technology Promotion Stations， Jingshan 431800， Hubei， China）

Abstract： In this paper，the egg quality of Jianghan chicken for different age， cultivation way， shank color was determined. The results showed that there was no significant difference for egg shape index， eggshell strength of Jianghan chicken between 180 day-old and 300 day-old. But there was significant difference for first egg weight， haugh unit and egg yolk ratio between 180 day-old and 300 day-old. At 180 day-old， the first egg weight （40.24 g） was significant lower than the egg weight of 300 day-old； haugh unit was significant higher than that of 300 day-old. The egg quality of Jianghan chicken for different culture pattern had different characters. Shank color didn't affect egg quality of Jianghan chicken obviously. The egg yolk ratio of 180 day-old for cage culture was 28.8% and significant lower than that of 300 age-old for yellow shank color or blue shank color. Most of the egg quality indexes of Jianghan chicken were no significant difference. The haugh unit of Jianghan chicken was greater than 72， the yolk color was greater than 10， the egg shape index was 1.28， and the eggshell strength was 3.5 kg/cm2. This showed that egg quality of Jianghan chicken was excellent. Therefore， Jianghan chicken could be used as good breeding material to breed new chicken family.

Key words： Jianghan chicken； egg quality； breeding material

江漢鸡是湖北省分布最广、养殖数量最多的地方鸡品种，其体型较小，蛋壳多为浅褐色，具有体质结实、适应性广、抗逆性强、善于觅食、耐粗饲、蛋品质好、肉质鲜嫩等优点[1，2]。当今人们的生活水平不断提高，消费理念有所转变，鸡蛋的消费需求已出现了从量到质的转变，对鸡蛋品质提出了更高的要求。鸡蛋品质的优劣不仅影响鸡蛋的经济价值、营养价值、食用口感，同时也影响其保存时间、种用价值，因而鸡蛋品质不仅是品种选育的重要指标，也是鸡蛋生产商和消费者极为关心的问题。蛋品质是衡量家禽产蛋性能的重要指标[3]，受品种、环境温度、饲料原料、营养水平、健康状况等因素的影响[4，5]，其中品种是最主要的影响因素[6，7]；……