施用氮磷钾肥对渝丘陵地区槐米产量与品质的影响

2017-09-23 06:45:37刘金亮李隆云何光华廖尚强邱如文
中国中药杂志 2017年17期
关键词:产量

刘金亮 李隆云 何光华 廖尚强 邱如文

[摘要] 以盛产期双季米金槐为研究对象,考察氮磷钾肥用量对渝丘陵山区槐米的产量(包括构成因素)和品质的影响。结果表明,尿素、过磷酸钙和氯化钾施用量对槐米产量、产量构成因素和品质影响显著,施用尿素1.0~2.0 kg/株时可显著增加花枝上的圆锥花序、总状花序、花蕾数、单株产量及品质(总黄酮、芦丁、槲皮素、染料木素、山奈酚和异鼠李素的含量),过磷酸钙1.0~1.5 kg/株时也可显著增加花蕾数、单株产量和品质,氯化钾施用量处理没有表现出显著增加产量及产量构成因子的现象,但是施用氯化钾0.6~0.9 kg/株处理的各指标均优于低钾或不施钾的处理。从槐米高产和优质角度综合考虑,确定在渝丘陵山区槐米规范化生产上施尿素1.5~2.0 kg/株、過磷酸钙1.5~2.0 kg/株和氯化钾0.6~0.9 kg/株为佳。

[关键词] 槐米; 尿素; 过磷酸钙; 氯化钾; 施用量; 产量; 品质

Effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on Flos Sophorae

Immaturus yield and quality in hilly area of Chongqing

LIU Jinliang1,2,3, LI Longyun1*, HE Guanghua2*, LIAO Shangqiang4, QIU Ruwen4

(1. Institute of Material Medical Planting, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica,Chongqing Engineering Research Center

for Fine Variety Breeding Techniques of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chongqing

Subcenter of National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Chongqing 400065, China;

2. College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;

3. College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;

4. Chongqing Henglin Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400700, China)

[Abstract] With Sophora japonica at the flowering stage as the object, the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the yield composition factors, yield and quality of Flos Sophorae Immaturus (FSI) was studied. The results indicated that in early spring, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on the amplification rate of S. japonica, FSI yield composition, yield and quality were different significantly, middle to high nitrogen (1.52.0 kg/plant) significantly increased the level of panicled clusters, raceme and flower bud number and yield. Phosphorus (1.52.0 kg/plant) could significantly increase the total buds of flower number and yield, potassium showed no significant increase in yield and yield components. Comprehensively considering yield and quality of FSI, nitrogen 1.52.0 kg/plant, phosphorus 1.52.0 kg/plant and potassium 0.60.9 kg/plant are appropriate.

[Key words] Flos Sophorae Immaturus; carbamide; calcium superphosphate; potassium chloride; application amount; yield; quality

国槐Sophora japonica Linn.属豆科蝶形花亚科多年生落叶乔木,其未开放的花蕾为槐米,具有止血凉血、清肝泻火功效。国槐是药、食、材、赏集于一体的优良树种,在全国大部分地区均有分布,主要以行道树或野生的方式存在,近几十年来,在广西、重庆、山西、湖南等地出现了规模化人工栽培的现象,专门采收槐米为医药领域提供原材料。目前,在重庆丘陵山区约有1 300 hm2的国槐种植面积,所种植的国槐为专门生产高品质槐米的良种——双季米金槐(渝SETSSJ0042015),旨在促进贫困山区百姓持续稳定增收,实现农业增效、农民增收、产业增值、企业增益的目标。……

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