张安世, 韩臣鹏, 齐秀娟, 张中海
(1. 焦作师范高等专科学校理工学院, 河南 焦作 454000; 2. 郑州绿博园管理中心, 河南 郑州 451470;3. 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所, 河南 郑州 450009)
基于ISSR标记的猕猴桃品种遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建
张安世1,①, 韩臣鹏2, 齐秀娟3, 张中海1
(1. 焦作师范高等专科学校理工学院, 河南 焦作 454000; 2. 郑州绿博园管理中心, 河南 郑州 451470;3. 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所, 河南 郑州 450009)
采用ISSR标记对中华猕猴桃(ActinidiachinensisPlanch.)、美味猕猴桃〔A.chinensisvar.deliciosa(A. Chev.) A. Chev.〕、软枣猕猴桃〔A.arguta(Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.〕和毛花猕猴桃(A.erianthaBenth.)的32个样本进行了遗传多样性分析,并以ISSR标记为基础构建了DNA指纹图谱。结果表明:筛选的10个多态性高且条带清晰的引物共扩增出200个条带(位点),其中,多态性位点195个,多态性位点百分率(PPL)达97.50%;各引物的多态性信息含量(PIC)以及供试样本的观测等位基因数(Na)、有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon’s多样性指数(I)的总均值分别为0.908 0、1.980 0、1.356 9、0.225 5和0.361 3,4个猕猴桃种间的遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.414 6,基因流(Nm)为0.705 9,且32个样本间的Na、Ne、H和I值差异极显著(P<0.001)。供试32个样本间的遗传相似系数(GS)为0.565 0~0.965 0,平均值为0.716 4;基于GS值进行UPGMA聚类分析,在GS值为0.76处将32个样本分为4组,基本对应供试的4个猕猴桃种类,其中,第Ⅰ组的大多数样本属于美味猕猴桃品种,第Ⅱ组的样本均属于中华猕猴桃品种,第Ⅲ组的样本属于毛花猕猴桃品种,第Ⅳ组的样本均属于软枣猕猴桃品种。分子方差分析结果表明:4个猕猴桃的种间变异占总变异的40.84%,种内变异占总变异的59.16%。研究结果表明:供试的猕猴桃品种间遗传分化程度较高,基因交流频率较低,且总遗传变异的近60%存在于种内,说明供试的猕猴桃品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性。另外,根据10个ISSR引物的扩增结果,筛选出引物UBC818、UBC824、UBC854和UBC895扩增的15个多态性位点构建的DNA指纹图谱可用于供试32个猕猴桃样本的鉴定。
猕猴桃; ISSR标记; 遗传多样性; 聚类分析; DNA指纹图谱
Abstract: Genetic diversity of 32 samples ofActinidiachinensisPlanch.,A.chinensisvar.deliciosa(A. Chev.) A. Chev.,A.arguta(Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. andA.erianthaBenth. were analyzed by using ISSR marker, and DNA fingerprinting was constructed based on ISSR marker. The results show that 200 bands (loci) are amplified by 10 primers screened with high polymorphic and clear band, in which, there are 195 polymorphic loci with percentage of polymorphic loci (PPL) of 97.50%. The overall averages of polymorphism information content (PIC) of each primer, observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), Nei’s gene diversity index (H) and Shannon’s diversity index (I) of samples tested are 0.908 0, 1.980 0, 1.356 9, 0.225 5 and 0.361 3, respectively. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Gst) and gene flow (Nm) of four species inActinidiaLindl. are 0.414 6 and 0.705 9, respectively. The differences inNa,Ne,HandIvalues among 32 samples are extremely significant (P<0.001). The genetic similarity coefficient (GS) among 32 samples tested is 0.565 0-0.965 0 with average of 0.716 4. UPGMA cluster analysis is carried out according to GS value, and 32 samples are divided into four groups at GS value of 0.76, which correspond to the four species inActinidiatested. Among them, most of samples in group Ⅰ belong to cultivars ofA.chinensisvar.deliciosa, samples in group Ⅱ belong to cultivars ofA.chinensis, sample in group Ⅲ belongs to cultivar ofA.eriantha, and samples in group Ⅳ belong to cultivars ofA.arguta. The results of molecular variance analysis show that interspecies variation of four species inActinidiaaccounts for 40.84% of the total variation, while intraspecies variation accounts for 59.16% of the total variation. It is suggested that cultivars ofActinidiaspp. tested have high degree of genetic differentiation and low gene exchange frequency, and nearly 60% of the total genetic variation is existed in species, indicating that there is abundant genetic diversity in cultivars ofActinidiaspp. tested. In addition, 15 polymorphic loci amplified by primers UBC818, UBC824, UBC854 and UBC895 are screened based on amplification result of ten ISSR primers, and DNA fingerprinting is constructed, which can be used to identify 32 samples ofActinidiaspp. tested.
Keywords:Actinidiaspp.; ISSR marker; genetic diversity; cluster analysis; DNA fingerprinting
猕猴桃属(ActinidiaLindl.)植物为多年生藤本,雌雄异株;现有54种21变种[1],绝大部分为中国特有种类,故亦称为中国半特有属[2]。该属部分种类的果实为知名水果,在中国的种植面积和市场需求不断扩大,其中,中华猕猴桃(A.chinensisPlanch.)和美味猕猴桃〔A.chinensisvar.deliciosa(A. Chev.) A. Chev.〕种植最为广泛,软枣猕猴桃〔A.arguta(Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.〕在部分地区也已开始商业栽培。在猕猴桃种植业发展过程中,人们已经根据不同的需求培育出大量的栽培品种,特别是近年来随着猕猴桃产业的快速发展,异地间的品种交换日趋频繁,导致猕猴桃品种混杂[3],存在“同名异物”或“同物异名”的现象,不利于猕猴桃品种的推广应用和鉴定,因此,有必要对不同猕猴桃品种的遗传特性进行深入研究。……