核桃壳用于氨氮废水处理的试验

王锐刚+杨春+柴志强

摘要：将废弃生物质核桃壳改性后用于处理氨氮废水，比较了废水pH、改性核桃壳用量、废水中氨氮的初始浓度、接触时间等对氨氮去除效果的影响。结果表明，pH在3～9时，改性核桃壳去除废水中的氨氮比较合适，最大去除率可达81%；改性核桃壳处理氨氮废水（100 mg/L）采用10 g/L的用量比较合适；氨氮废水中氨氮的初始浓度对氨氮的去除有较大影响，当氨氮浓度增加到300 mg/L后，吸附量增加不再明显，吸附量可达9.3 mg/g；改性核桃壳处理氨氮废水的接触时间选择6.0 h比较合适。改性核桃壳处理氨氮废水主要以吸附为主，同时还有氧化还原的化学反应过程。

关键词：核桃壳；氨氮；废水

中图分类号：X703.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）17-3256-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.17.016

Study on Walnut Shell for Treatment of Ammonia Nitrogen Wastewater

WANG Rui-gang， YANG Chun， CHAI Zhi-qiang

（Environmental Engineering Department， Shanxi University， Taiyuan 030013， China）

Abstract： The waste biomass walnut shell was modified，and then used to treat ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The effects of wastewater pH，modified walnut shell amount，initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen and contract time on the treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater were studied. The results showed that within 3 to 9 range of pH，the removal of ammonia nitrogen from wastewater by modified walnut shell was suitable，and the maximum removal rate could reach 81%. The suitable amount of modified walnut shell for treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater（concentration of 100 mg/L） was 10 g/L. The initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen had a great influent on the removal of ammonia nitrogen in ammonia nitrogen wastewater，when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen increased to 300 mg/L，the adsorption capacity could reach 9.3 mg/L. The suitable contract time of modified walnut shell for treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater was 6 hours. The treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater with modified walnut shell is mainly based on adsorption，as well as the chemical reaction of oxidation and reduction.

Key words： walnut shell； ammonia nitrogen； wastewater

氨氮在水中主要以銨离子或游离氨形式存在，来源于化肥、饲料、养殖等生产过程。大量的氨氮废水排放易导致水体发生富营养化、水体溶解氧下降、水生生物死亡，破坏水生生态系统等[1]。目前，氨氮废水的处理主要有物化法和生物法。物化法处理耗材耗能，存在成本较高、处理后材料仍然需要处置等[2，3]问题。生物处理的成本低，也不必担心处理后的再次污染，不过生物处理受温度的影响较大。因此，对于氨氮废水处理，如何采取高效且经济的方法一直备受人们关注。

当今社会，资源、环境问题日益凸显，人们生态环保意识也日益增强。中国每年农林生物质产量巨大，其中大部分被废弃，只有少部分被利用作为饲料或燃料，造成了资源浪费，增加了环境负担[4，5]。……