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摘 要 林下经济被认为是“以短养长”,提高林农收入的有效选择。橡胶价格持续低迷的情况下,发展林下经济能够在一定程度上弥补单一作物收入低。通过对海南儋州、白沙、屯昌、琼中、琼海、万宁、澄迈等7个市县261个农户调查发现,橡胶林下经济发展较为滞后,农户对林下经济及其模式普遍缺乏清晰认知;本文分析影响农户认知和制约发展林下经济的因素,并據此提出发展海南民营橡胶林下经济的一点思考。
关键词 林下经济 ;全周期间作 ;橡胶种植户
中图分类号 F326.2 文献标识码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.09.017
Economic Survey of Rubber-based Farming in Farmer's Rubber Plantations
in Hainan
HE Changhui MO Yeyong YANG Lin FU Li LIU Ruijin
(Rubber Research Institute, CATAS, Danzhou, Hainan 571737)
Abstract Rubber-based farming was considered to be an effective way to improve the income of smallholders from planting short-duration crops to support perennial crops. With rubber prices continuing to slump, rubber-based farming can make up for the low income to some extent from rubber tree. The survey of 261 smallholders from Danzhou, Baisha, Tunchang, Qiongzhong, Qionghai, Wanning, Chengmai in Hainan showed that rubber-based farming was very weak in the rubber smallholdings and that the farmers were not clearly aware of rubber-based farming and its patterns. The factors affecting farmers' awareness and the constraints of rubber-based farming were analyzed, based on which some suggestions were made of rubber-based farming for rubber farmers in Hainan.
Keywords rubber-based farming ; intercropping throughout the economic life of rubber trees ; rubber smallholders
林下经济,是指以生态学、经济学和系统工程为基本理论,借助林地的生态环境以及景观资源,开展林下种植、林下养殖、林下产品初级加工、林下旅游等多重项目的复合生产经营活动[1]。发展林下经济不仅有利于保护林地资源,还能有效增加低收入农户的家庭收入,推动地方“精准扶贫”[2]。为了将绿水青山变成金山银山,森林资源丰富的地区积极推动林下经济发展。据《中国林业统计年鉴2015》,2014年全国林业产业总产值达到59 362.71亿元,其中林下经济产值5 403.94亿元,占比为9.10%。浙江、广西、四川林下经济发展较为突出,其中浙江林下经济产值达到1 497.71亿元,占全国的27.71%。从部分地区生产实践来看,林下经济发展有传统、有基础,政策推动和能人带动的作用比较明显,但因林下经济总体发展刚刚起步,各地发展还存在水平低、规模小、不规范等问题[3]。林下经济的发展受诸多因素制约,主要体现在资金、市场、技术等方面[4-5]。……