盐生植物内生解烃细菌的分离及其特性

鲁红　吴+涛　姚志刚　谢文军　刘俊华　段代祥　张孝霖

摘 要：为获得盐生植物内生解烃细菌，该研究以黄河三角洲石油污染地区健康生长的盐生植物白茅、芦苇、蒙古鸦葱为材料，通过柴油平板培养实验分离得到22株内生解烃细菌。经16S rRNA同源序列分析，对菌株进行了鉴定。通过液体培养实验，研究了菌株对不同烃类物质利用能力。结果表明，22株内生细菌主要为原小单胞菌属、短小杆菌属、微杆菌属、假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属、沙雷氏菌属、考克氏菌属、不动杆菌属、红小梨形菌属和节细菌属，其中假单胞菌属和芽孢杆菌属菌株最多。分离出22株内生解烃细菌能降解直链烷烃的最多，能降解多环芳烃种类最少，其中部分内生解烃细菌既可以利用烷烃又可以利用芳香烃。

关键词：石油污染；盐渍化土壤；盐生植物；内生细菌；解烃

中图分类号 Q936 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2017）16-0018-04

Isolation and Characteristics of Hydrocarbon-degrading Endophytic Bacteria from Halophytic Vegetation

Lu Hong1，2 et al.

（1Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Wild Plant Resources Development and Application of Yellow River Delta，School of Bioengineering，Binzhou University，Binzhou 256600，China；2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta，Binzhou University，Binzhou 256600，China）

Abstract：To obtain efficient hydrocarbon-degrading endophytic bacteria from halophytic vegetation，22 endophytic bacteria strains which can grow in mineral liquid media amended with diesel oil as the sole carbon sources were isolated from Imperata cylindrica （L.） Beauv.，Phragmites australias Trin.，and Scorzonera mongolica Maxim.growing in a heavily saline and alkali，crude oil-contaminated environment in the Yellow River Delta，an important base of petroleum production in China.According to its 16S rRNA sequence analysis，these strains were identified.Moreover，liquid incubation experiment was conducted to clarify its characteristics of degrading efficiency for various hydrocarbons.Sequence analysis revealed that 22 strains were members of 10 genera （Promicromonospora，Curtobacterium，Microbacterium，Pseudomonas，Bacillus，Serratia，Kocuria，Acinetobacter，Rhodopirellula，Arthrobacter），and the dominant genera were Pseudomonas and Bacillus.Most of endophytic bacteria strains can degrade straight-chain alkanes，polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degradation species were the least.Some endophytic bacteria strains can utilize both alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Key words：Petroleum contamination；Saline soil；Halophytic vegetation；Endophytic bacteria；Hydrocarbon degradation

石油污染鹽渍化土壤治理是目前面临的一项重要任务[1]。植物修复具有不破坏土壤环境、修复成本低、无二次污染等优点，被视为最有前景的土壤修复方法。植物修复污染土壤的效率主要取决于植物所协同的功能微生物，特别是内生细菌的种类和数量[2]。利用具有降解石油烃功能内生细菌协同宿主植物修复污染土壤是最具发展潜力的新兴修复技术[3]。研究表明，部分盐生植物与非盐生植物相比，更能适应石油污染盐渍化土壤环境，种植盐生植物能显著提高石油污染盐渍化土壤中石油烃类污染物的降解率[4]。……