早产儿气质特征与运动发育的相关性分析

高丽芳+程灏+费春香

摘 要 目的：分析早产儿气质特征与运动发育特点的关系。方法：随机选取2015年1月1日至2016年8月31日出生、胎齡28～36周的早产儿和胎龄≥37周的足月儿，在4月龄时进行气质评估并根据结果分别纳入早产易养型组、早产难养型组、足月易养型组、足月难养型组，每组40例。对四组婴儿在4、8、12月龄时间点进行运动发育测评。结果：早产易养型组和早产难养型组婴儿GMQ、FMQ及TMQ值12月龄时高于8月和4月龄（P<0.05），足月难养型组婴儿GMQ、FMQ及TMQ值在4、8、12月龄时，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在4、8、12月龄时，足月易养型组和足月难养型组婴儿GMQ、FMQ及TMQ值均高于早产易养型组和早产难养型组（P<0.05），在8、12月龄时，早产易养型组婴儿GMQ、FMQ及TMQ值均高于早产难养型组（P<0.05）。结论：气质特征可影响早产儿的运动发育，而对足月儿的运动发育无影响。早产难养型婴儿运动水平较易养型早产儿差，更易出现运动发育迟缓。

关键词 早产儿 足月儿 气质特征 运动发育

中图分类号：R174.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2017）21-0034-04

Correlation between temperament characteristics and motor development in preterm infants*

GAO Lifang， CHENG Hao， FEI Chunxiang

（Department of Children Rehabilitation， Jiujiang Maternal and Child Health Hospital， Jiujiang 332000， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To explore the relationship of the temperament characteristics and the motor development features of preterm infants. Methods： Newborn infants born from 1 Jan. 2015 to 31 Aug. 2016 including preterm infants with gestational age between 28 weeks and 36 weeks and full term infants with gestational age over 37 weeks were randomly selected and their temperament was assessed when they were 4 months old. They were divided into an easy nurturing preterm infant group （n=40）， a difficult nurturing preterm infant group （n=40）， an easy nurturing full term infant group （n=40） and a difficult nurturing full term infant group （n=40） based on the results of assessment. The motor development at postnatal 4， 8 and 12 months were evaluated. Results： The GMQ， FMQ and TMQ scores were higher at postnatal 12 months than postnatal 4 and 8 months in both preterm infant groups （P<0.05） but there were no statistical differences at postnatal 4， 8 and 12 months in the difficult nurturing full term infant group （P>0.05）. Those scores were higher in full term infant groups than in preterm infant groups when compared at postnatal 4， 8 and 12 months （P<0.05）. On the other hand， those scores were significant higher in the easy nurturing preterm infant group than in the difficult nurturing preterm infant group at postnatal 8 and 12 months （P<0.05）. Conclusion： The temperament characteristics can affect motor development in preterm infants but not in full term infants. Difficult nurturing preterm infants are more likely to appear motor retardation than easy nurturing preterm infants.

KEy WORDS premature infants； full term infants； temperament characteristic； motor developmentendprint

近年来，随着我国围产医学技术的发展和进步，早产儿存活率明显提高。但存活的早产儿由于各系统器官发育不完善，易继发神经系统后遗症和运动发育障碍。气质是个体行为的表达方式，在个体生命早期即已出现，并在不同环境和不同时间呈现出一定的稳定性和持久性[1]。气质的形成是以神经系统发育为基础的，早产儿各系统组织器官，特别是是神经系统发育不成熟，这些生理解剖特点使早产儿表现出特有的气质特征与运动发育特点[2]。研究认为，早产儿出生后早期表现出来的气质可在一定程度上影响婴儿时期的智力、体格发育、运动，甚至成年后的社会适应能力[3]。本文通过分析早产儿气质及运动发育特点，以期为临床上早期干预、促进早产儿运动发育正常化提供一定的参考。……