“街区制”政策推行关键问题的实证研究

刘亚玲++林锦威

摘要：通过调查广东省居民对拆除围墙的看法，探讨“街区制”推行需要解决的关键问题。调查发现，多数居民不了解、不支持“街区制”；反对者近九成是因为人身、财产安全没有保障；支持者近六成是因为可以缓解和改善交通拥堵；人身财产安全是“街區制”推行的关键问题。居民赞成“增强安保，增加保安和摄像头”来减轻居民“围墙被拆” 的担忧。研究认为，无业游民是造成隐患的根源，从源头解决其经济水平低和素质不高的问题可达到事半功倍成效。从而提出：在就业政策、教育投入、法制建设、氛围营造等方面多管齐下可逐步化解居民对拆除围墙的担忧。

Abstract： By investigating the opinions of residents in Guangdong province on the dismantling of the wall， the key issues to be solved in the implementation of "neighborhood system" are discussed. The survey found that most residents did not understand and did not support the "neighborhood system." Nearly 90% of the opponents were because of personal and property insecurity. Nearly 60% of the supporters were hoping to alleviate and improve traffic congestion. Personal and property safety is the key issue of implementation of "neighborhood system". Residents are in favor of "increasing security， increasing security personnel and camera" to ease the residents' "wall dismantling" concerns. According to the research， unemployed tourists are the root causes of hidden troubles， and the problems of low economic level and low quality can be solved from the source to achieve a multiplier effect. It is thus proposed that the multi-pronged approach to employment policy， education input， legal construction and atmosphere creation can gradually resolve the residents' concerns about demolishing the wall.

关键词：街区制；居民；拆除围墙；安全；经济

Key words： neighborhood system；residents；demolishing the wall；security；economy

中图分类号：C93 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-4311（2017）36-0054-03

0 引言

我国城市化进程逐步加快，使交通拥堵等社会问题日益严重。转变城市发展方式和提高城市环境质量势在必行。根据2016年2月6日发布的《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强城市规划建设管理工作的若干意见》，我国新建住宅要推广街区制，原则上不再建设封闭住宅小区，已建成的住宅小区和单位大院要逐步打开，实现内部道路公共化。“街区制”的优点是可以增加公共道路和路网密度，大大提高土地利用率，间接的节约了很多土地，同时也为居民提供了很大的出行便利。

“街区制”在发达国家已非常成熟。1967年，英国制定了《街区保护法》，作为城乡规划的街区保护制度，市民自发成立的慈善团体，推动了开放社区的发展。……