曾雁
摘要 本文选取安敦盆地敦煌、瓜州2个气象台站1938—2015年的气温和降水量观测数据,采用多项式趋势拟合、趋势系数及Morlet小波变换等方法,对安敦盆地气温和降水量趋势变化特征进行了系统分析。结果表明,纵观近78年气温、降水变化情况,安敦盆地气温变化趋势拟合呈二次函数型,变化平缓且呈先下降后上升的态势,存在1~5年及10~30年尺度的周期变化规律,未来将处于增温时段,与全球变暖一致。降水量出現了3个高值时段,分别出现在20世纪40年代后期至50年代初、70年代后期至80年代初和21世纪初;存在8~15年尺度周期变化规律,进入21世纪降水变率呈减少趋势,在多年平均值附近摆动。
关键词 气温;降水量;变化特征;甘肃敦煌;甘肃瓜州;安敦盆地;1938—2015年
中图分类号 P423.3;P426.6 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2017)22-0163-03
Abstract In this paper,the temperature and precipitation observation data of two meteorological stations(Dunhuang and Guazhou) in Andun Basin during 1938-2015 were selected,and the change trend characteristics of temperature and precipitation in Andun Basin were systematically analyzed by using methods of polynomial trend fitting,trend coefficient and Morlet wavelet transformation.The results showed that during recent 78 years,the temperature change trend of Andun Basin was quadratic function type,which declined at first then ascended slightly.There were periodic changes of temperature change in the scale of 1-5 and 10-30 years,and the future would be in the warming period,which was consistent with the global warming.There were three high-value periods of the precipitation,including late 1940s to early 1950s,1970s to early 1980s,and the beginning of 21st century.There were periodic changes of precipitation in the scale of 8-15 years.The precipitation showed a decreasing trend in the 21st century,and swung around the long-time average annual value.
Key words temperature;precipitation;change characteristics;Dunhuang Gansu;Guazhou Gansu;Andun Basin;1938-2015
敦煌、瓜州(原安西)两县(市)地处河西走廊西端,总面积5.53 km2,占甘肃省总面积的20%,其中绿洲面积仅占5%左右,且集中在海拔低于1 300 m的地区,四周环山,故有“安敦盆地”之称;其他地貌均为沙漠、戈壁、山地等。年平均气温在9.2~10.0 ℃ 之间(1938—2015年,下同),年平均降水量在38.6~47.5 mm之间,属于同一气候区,植被覆盖率低,自然生态脆弱。过去的100年来,气候、疏勒河(含党河)流域径流、地下水位变化对自然生态的退化改变起了很大的作用[1-4]。
本文以代表该盆地敦煌、瓜州两站近80年的温度、降水资料为基础,从不同角度采用不同方法,对该盆地的气候变化和特征进行了分析研究,旨在作为河西乃至甘肃沙漠戈壁地域气候研究的补充,为中央提出的河西生态屏障建设提供可以参考的气候特征依据。……