不同潜在蒸散发估算方法在汉江流域中上游地区的适用性研究

李天生+夏军+匡洋+佘敦先+余江游

摘要：蒸散发是流域能量循环和水文循环的重要变量，准确估算蒸散发具有重要的现实意义。FAO56 PenmanMonteith方法计算潜在蒸散发量时气象资料往往不易满足，同时，在提出形式简单且满足精度要求的其它估算方法时，缺乏足够全面的适用性分析。针对上述问题，基于汉江流域中上游地区12个气象站点1961-2013年的逐日气象资料，以FAO56 PenmanMonteith 方法估算的潜在蒸散发量作为参考标准，分别从不同的时间尺度和空间尺度对比分析了1种综合类方法、2种辐射类方法和3种温度类方法在汉江流域的适用性。结果表明，辐射类方法适用性最好，综合类方法次之，温度类方法适用性较差。其中Makkink方法和PriestleyTaylor方法在研究区的适用性最好，计算精度高，McCloud方法在研究区的适用性最差，误差较大。

关键词：潜在蒸散发；综合法；辐射法；温度法；汉江中上游

中图分类号：P4262文献标识码：A文章编号：

16721683（2017）06000110

Abstract：As the potential evapotranspiration （PET） is one of the important factors in the energy cycle and hydrological cycle，the accurate estimation of PET has important practical significanceThe FAO56PM method can give efficient estimation of PET；however，its applicability is constrained as it requires a large amount of dataDifferent PET estimation methods have been proposed and the applicability of these methods should be tested before they are applied in a typical regionIn this study，we attempted to examine the efficiency of 7 PET estimation methods in spatial and temporal dimensions in the upper and middle reaches of Hanjiang River Basin using the daily meteorological data during 19612013The results showed that the radiationbased methods were the optimal choice，followed by the combination method，and the temperaturebased methods were the least suitable choice for the PET estimation in the study areaAmong these estimation methods，the Makkink method and the PriestleyTaylor method showed the best applicability and highest precision in the study area，while the McCloud method showed the worst applicability and largest error

Key words：potential evapotranspiration；combination method；radiationbased method；temperaturebased method；the middle and upper reaches of Hanjiang River

蒸发是水文循环和地表能量循环的重要环节，是地表植物赖以生存的生理过程，同时蒸发也是地球表面物质能量循环的重要载体。准确测定和估算蒸散发，不仅对于研究全球气候变化和水资源评价等方面具有重要意义，而且对于农作物需水生产管理、旱情监测预报、水资源有效开发利用等方面具有十分重要的应用价值[1]。由于实际蒸散发（AET直接观测较为困难，而潜在蒸散发量（PET））更易获得，通常利用潜在蒸散发量（PET）[JP2]来计算实际蒸散发量（AET），所以对潜在蒸散发的研究具有重要意义。……